Table 1.
Logistic Multilevel Models Predicting First Lapse Following an Unassisted Quit Attempt From Affective and Situational Context, as well as Person-Difference Influences
| b | SE | 95% CI | OR | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentary influences (Level 1) | |||||
| Presence of others | |||||
| Parent | –0.19 | 0.39 | [–0.96 to 0.59] | 0.83 | .630 |
| Sibling | 0.45 | 0.38 | [–0.33 to 1.22] | 1.57 | .250 |
| Peer | 0.37 | 0.23 | [–0.09 to 0.83] | 1.45 | .113 |
| Teacher | –1.77 | 0.55 | [–2.87 to –0.67] | 0.17 | .002 |
| Other | –0.34 | 0.34 | [–1.02 to 0.33] | 0.71 | .312 |
| Location | |||||
| Other | 0.38 | 0.55 | [–0.70 to 1.45] | 1.46 | .489 |
| Car | 0.38 | 0.31 | [–0.23 to 0.99] | 1.47 | .216 |
| Public place | 0.34 | 0.32 | [–0.29 to 0.96] | 1.40 | .288 |
| Other’s house | 0.09 | 0.62 | [–1.14 to 1.32] | 1.10 | .881 |
| Friend’s house | 0.13 | 0.37 | [–0.59 to 0.85] | 1.14 | .729 |
| School | 0.53 | 0.36 | [–0.17 to 1.23] | 1.69 | .139 |
| Work | –3.70 | 9.69 | [–22.77 to 15.38] | 0.02 | .703 |
| Reference is home | |||||
| Time of day | |||||
| 4 to 7:59 am | –0.66 | 0.61 | [–1.86 to 0.55] | 0.52 | .283 |
| 8 to 11:59 am | –0.69 | 0.59 | [–1.86 to 0.48] | 0.50 | .246 |
| Noon to 3:59 Pm | –0.61 | 0.59 | [–1.77 to 0.54] | 0.54 | .296 |
| 4 to 7:59pm | –1.27 | 0.61 | [–2.48 to –0.06] | 0.28 | .040 |
| 8to 11:50pm | –1.59 | 0.70 | [–2.97 to –0.21] | 0.20 | .024 |
| Reference midnight to 3:59 am | |||||
| Weekend | –0.41 | 0.24 | [–0.91 to 0.09] | 0.66 | .099 |
| Alcohol, marijuana, or other drug | 0.90 | 0.36 | [0.20 to 1.60] | 2.47 | .011 |
| Cigarette craving | 0.36 | 0.06 | [0.24 to 0.48] | 1.44 | <.001 |
| Affect | |||||
| High-arousal positive (cheerful, excited) |
0.12 | 0.06 | [0.01 to 0.24] | 1.13 | .033 |
| Low-arousal positive (relaxed, calm) |
–0.18 | 0.05 | [–0.29 to –0.08] | 0.83 | .001 |
| High-arousal negative (stressed, irritable, angry) |
0.12 | 0.06 | [0.01 to 0.23] | 1.12 | .042 |
| Low-arousal negative (bored, sad) |
–0.08 | 0.06 | [–0.20 to 0.04] | 0.93 | .209 |
| Person-difference influences (Level 2) | |||||
| Smoking dependence | 0.24 | 0.07 | [0.10 to 0.38] | 1.27 | .001 |
| Age | 0.13 | 0.10 | [–0.06 to 0.32] | 1.13 | .192 |
| Female gender | –0.02 | 0.22 | [–0.47 to 0.42] | 0.98 | .912 |
| Average craving | 0.14 | 0.06 | [0.01 to 0.27] | 1.15 | .033 |
| Average high-arousal positive | –0.09 | 0.06 | [–0.21 to 0.04] | 0.92 | .180 |
| Average low-arousal positive | 0.05 | 0.07 | [–0.09 to 0.19] | 1.05 | .471 |
| Average high-arousal negative | –0.05 | 0.07 | [–0.19 to 0.08] | 0.95 | .444 |
| Average low-arousal negative | 0.18 | 0.07 | [0.04 to 0.32] | 1.20 | .010 |
b = unstandardized estimate; CI = confidence interval; OR = multivariate, adjusted odds ratio; SE = standard error of the estimate. Presence of other categories was not mutually exclusive, and thus each is included without a reference group. Continuous, time-invariant predictors (ie, smoking dependence, age, average craving, and average affect) were centered at the grand mean; all other continuous predictors were time-varying and were centered at the person mean. Bold typeface indicates significant results, p < 05.