Fig 1.
(a) Map of India depicting the location of Shivamogga district (black shading) within Karnataka State (grey shading). (b) Map of Shivamogga district showing locations of households with human cases in black (2014–2018 seasons) and red (2018–2019 season). Amongst the 2018–2019 cases, closed red circles are affected households in Sagara taluka and open red circles are affected households in Tirthahalli taluka, whilst crosses are affected households from other talukas. The administrative boundary dataset is from HindudstanTimesLabs (https://github.com/HindustanTimesLabs/shapefiles/), reproduced under the MIT License. Note that Bhadravathi taluk, in the southeast corner of Shivamogga district, is omitted from the study.
