Table 1. Comparative pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV infections in cynomolgus macaques.
Max, maximum; Ref., reference.
| Virus |
Age category |
No. |
Clinical signs |
Max. excre tion from throat* |
Max. excre tion from nose* |
Viral titer in lung† |
Virus in extra- respir atory tissues |
Pulmonary lesions at 4 days post inoculation | Ref. | ||||
|
% affect ed lung |
Hyaline mem branes |
Alveolar edema |
Leuko cyte infiltra tion |
Cell type tropism |
|||||||||
|
SARS- CoV |
Young | 4 | No | 10e3.5 | 10e4.2 | 10e6.5 | No | 0–5 | No | No | Yes | Type I & II pneumo cytes |
(10–12) |
|
SARS- CoV |
Aged | 4 | Yes | 10e3.0 | 10e3.0 | 10e6.2 | Kidney | 0–60 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Type I & II pneumo cytes |
(10–12) |
|
MERS- CoV |
Young | 4 | No | 10e5.3 | 10e4.3 | 10e4.4 | Spleen | 0–5 | No | Yes (small amount) |
Yes | Type II pneumo cytes |
This study |
|
SARS- CoV-2 |
Young | 2 | No | 10e1.8 | 10e2.4 | 10e4.0 | Ileum, colon, tonsil |
0–10 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Type I & II pneumo cytes |
This study |
|
SARS- CoV-2 |
Aged | 2 | No | 10e2.9 | 10e3.7 | 10e3.1 | Ileum, colon, tonsil |
0–5 | No | No | Yes | Type I & II pneumo cytes |
This study |
*TCID50eq per ml.
†TCID50eq per gram of tissue.