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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 17.
Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2019 Sep 27;91(20):13014–13021. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03083

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Representative GEMBE separations for complex drug mixtures containing fentanyl related species. (A-B) Adjudicated case samples that contained fentanyl and several additional compounds provided by the Maryland State Police, Forensic Science Division. (A) Labeled derivative plot from a blue-colored suspension with undissolved particulate (photo) that contained the synthetic opioid U-47700, fentanyl, and an unidentified cutting agent. (B) Labeled derivative plot from a clear solution with nonuniform, undissolved white particulate (photo) containing lidocaine (1), heroin (2), 6-monoacetylmorphine (3), methoxyacetyl fentanyl (4), phenyl fentanyl (5), methacryl fentanyl (6), caffeine, and codeine with inset from a slowed pressure gradient (−5 Pa/s). Separation conditions included a −560 V/cm electric field and pressure starting at 14.5 kPa and decreasing at −25 Pa/s (unless noted otherwise)