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. 2018 Oct 30;18(12):1385–1396. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30479-1

Table 2.

Performance of enterovirus blood PCR diagnosis

Patients (n) Sensitivity (95% CI) Specificity (95% CI) PPV (95% CI) NPV (95% CI) Accuracy (%) κ (95% CI)
Fever without source 165 100% (91–100) 91% (85–96) 78% (65–89) 100% (97–100) 93·3% 0·83 (0·74–0·93)
Sepsis-like disease 55 100% (66–100) 89% (76–96) 64% (35–87) 100% (91–100) 90·9% 0·73 (0·51–0·95)
Suspected meningitis 406 64% (57–70) 87% (81–92) 86% (79–91) 66% (60–72) 74·1% 0·49 (0·41–0·57)
Newborn babies 38 96% (82–100) 70% (35–93) 90% (74–98) 88% (47–99) 89·5% 0·71 (0·45–0·97)
Infants 87 85% (71–94) 85% (71–94) 87% (73–95) 83% (69–93) 85·1% 0·70 (0·55–0·85)
Children 281 51% (42–59) 89% (82–94) 83% (74–90) 62% (55–69) 68·7% 0·39 (0·29–0·48)

Performance was assessed in 626 patients with both CSF and blood specimens available. We excluded 46 infants (aged >3 months to <2 years) with fever without source and sepsis, since CSF enterovirus PCR is not the gold standard diagnosis test of these disease conditions. Performance of blood PCR testing was calculated with respect to the gold standard of CSF enterovirus PCR, in all patients with meningitis and in the youngest infants (aged ≤3 months) with fever without source and sepsis-like disease, for whom collection of CSF samples was integrated in routine practice. Concordance was studied by κ values and accuracy. CSF=cerebrospinal fluid. PPV=positive predictive value. NPV=negative predictive value.