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. 2015 Dec 17;4(1):19–26. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00500-7

Table 2.

Duration of episodes of troublesome lung symptoms after intervention and effect modification from paraclinical measures

n (%) Mean azithromycin episode duration (days) Mean placebo episode duration (days) % reduction (95% CI) p value Modification p value
All 148 3·4 7·7 63·3%(56·0 to 69·3) <0·0001
Clinical measures
C-reactive protein concentration (nmol/L) 133 (100%) 0·6350
≥76·19 nmol/L (≥8 mg/L) 23 (17%) 3·6 6·3 45·6% (−53·9 to 80·8) 0·2510
<76·19 nmol/L (<8 mg/L; lowest detection) 110 (83%) 3·5 8·4 59·4%(15·6 to 80·5) 0·0158
Fever (°C) 136 (100%) 0·4809
≥38 23 (17%) 3·8 4·9 21·4% (−61·6 to 61·8) 0·5122
<38 113 (83%) 3·6 7·2 47·3%(2·9 to 71·4) 0·0401
Objective wheeze 144 (100%) 0·8140
Yes 26 (18%) 3·4 8·8 55·0%(6·3 to 78·4) 0·0330
No 118 (82%) 3·6 13·0 60·1%(18·3 to 80·5) 0·0120
Bacterial infection
Any pathogenic bacteria 135 (100%) 0·2864
Present 90 (67%) 4·2 7·9 41·6% (−8·3 to 68·5) 0·0881
Not present 45 (33%) 2·0 5·5 64·7%(35·6 to 80·7) 0·0007
Haemophilus influenzae 135 (100%) 0·0323
Present 32 (24%) 2·7 12·1 77·0%(58·0 to 87·4) <0·0001
Not present 103 (76%) 3·8 5·9 33·4% (−28·7 to 65·6) 0·2264
Moraxella catarrhalis 135 (100%) 0·9062
Present 64 (47%) 4·4 8·7 40·5% (−64·3 to 78·5) 0·3163
Not present 71 (53%) 2·8 5·2 45·0%(1·7 to 69·3) 0·0436
Streptococcus pneumoniae 135 (100%) 0·8576
Present 43 (32%) 3·3 6·2 44·4% (−22·1 to 74·7) 0·1436
Not present 92 (68%) 3·6 7·5 49·6%(3·8 to 73·5) 0·0377
Viral infection
Any pathogenic virus 135 (100%) 0·7999
Present 58 (43%) 3·8 6·8 44·0% (−32·4 to 76·4) 0·1866
Not present 77 (57%) 2·7 7·4 50·7%(27·3 to 66·6) 0·0004
Rhinovirus 135 (100%) 0·5125
Present 26 (19%) 4·6 6·9 26·7% (−172·6 to 80·3) 0·6430
Not present 109 (81%) 3·1 7·1 54·1% (34·3 to 67·9) <0·0001
RSV 135 (100%) 0·8886
Present 22 (16%) 3·3 5·9 42·1% (−71·7 to 80·5) 0·3242
Not present 113 (84%) 3·6 7·2 46·9%(6·3 to 69·9) 0·0289
Enteroviruses 135 (100%) 0·1997
Present 27 (20%) 2·1 6·8 66·3%(31·5 to 83·4) 0·0026
Not present 108 (80%) 4·0 7·1 41·1% (−2·7 to 66·2) 0·0619

p values correspond to associations and test for effect modification by covariants. RSV=respiratory syncytial virus.