Table 1:
Summary of demographic and clinical variables, mortality, and repeat episode of endocarditis among those who received buprenorphine, received methadone, or declined MOUD during the index admission
| Total (n=26) | Received buprenorphine (n=8) | Received methadone (n=8) | Declined MOUD (n=10) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, M (SD) | 33.8 (SD 12.0) | 31.1 (SD 10.6) | 38.9 (SD 14.4) | 31.9 (SD 11.3) | NS |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 13 (50%) | 5 (62.5%) | 5 (62.5%) | 3 (30%) | NS |
| Male | 13 (50%) | 3 (37.5%) | 3 (37.5%) | 7 (70%) | |
| Race | |||||
| White | 22 (84.6%) | 7 (87.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | 8 (80.0%) | NS |
| Black | 1 (3.8%) | 0 | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | |
| Asian | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Unknown | 2 (7.7%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (20.0%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 24 (92.3%) | 8 (100%) | 8 (100.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | NS |
| Hispanic or Latino | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Unknown | 2 (7.7%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (20.0%) | |
| Psychiatric history | |||||
| History of psychiatric admission | 8 (30.8%) | 3 (37.5%) | 3 (37.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | NS |
| On psychiatric medications | 11 (42.3%) | 2 (25.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | NS |
| Any psychiatric disorder | 15 (57.7%) | 4 (50.0%) | 5 (62.5%) | 6 (60.0%) | NS |
| Mood disorder | 11 (42.3%) | 4 (50.0%) | 3 (37.5%) | 4 (40.0%) | NS |
| Anxiety disorder | 11 (42.3%) | 4 (50.0%) | 3 (37.5%) | 4 (40.0%) | NS |
| PTSD | 4 (15.4%) | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (25.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | NS |
| SUD history | |||||
| Opioid use disorder | 26 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | NS |
| IV heroin | 24 (92.3%) | 8 (100.0%) | 7 (87.5%) | 9 (90.0%) | NS |
| IV prescription opioid | 4 (15.4%) | 0 | 2 (25.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | NS |
| IV buprenorphine | 4 (15.4%) | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (25.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | NS |
| Cocaine/stimulant use disorder | 13 (50.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 3 (37.5%) | 6 (60.0%) | NS |
| Cannabis use disorder | 8 (30.8%) | 3 (37.5%) | 2 (25.0%) | 3 (30.0%) | NS |
| Alcohol use disorder | 8 (30.8%) | 5 (62.5%) | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | NS |
| Prior overdose | 3 (11.5%) | 0 | 2 (25.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | NS |
| Prior MOUD | 14 (53.9%) | 5 (62.5%) | 5 (62.5%) | 4 (40.0%) | NS |
| Medical history | |||||
| Chronic pain | 7 (26.9%) | 1 (12.5%) | 4 (50.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | NS |
| Hepatitis C | 15 (57.7%) | 6 (75.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | NS |
| HIV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NS |
| Previous endocarditis | 8 (30.8%) | 3 (37.5%) | 3 (37.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | NS |
| Prosthetic valve | 6 (23.1%) | 3 (37.5%) | 2 (25.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | NS |
| Transferred from another hospital at index admission | 15 (57.7%) | 5 (62.5%) | 5 (62.5%) | 5 (50.0%) | NS |
| Site of infection | |||||
| Tricuspid | 12 (48.0%) | 5 (62.5%) | 4 (57.1%) | 3 (30.0%) | NS |
| Pulmonary | 1 (4.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Mitral | 5 (20.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 3 (42.9%) | 1 (10.0%) | |
| Aortic | 6 (24.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | 5 (50.0%) | |
| No vegetations | 1 (4.0%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (10.0%) | |
| Prosthetic valve infection | 6 (23.1%) | 3 (37.5%) | 2 (25.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | NS |
| Bacteria | |||||
| MRSA | 5 (19.2%) | 2 (25.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | NS |
| MSSA | 13 (50.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 6 (75.0%) | 3 (30.0%) | |
| Streptococcus | 4 (15.4%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | 3 (30.0%) | |
| Enterococcus | 3 (11.5%) | 0 | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (3.9%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Hospital length of stay, Mean days (SD) | 17.8 (SD 13.9) | 16.6 (SD 11.7) | 15.0 (SD 7.7) | 21,0 (19.1) | NS |
| Surgical treatment at index admission | 8 (30.8%) | 3 (37.5%) | 1 (25.0%) | 3 (30.0%) | NS |
| Antibiotic treatment | |||||
| Completion of antibiotic course | 24 (92.3%) | 8 (100.0%) | 6 (75.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | NS |
| Transferred to nursing facility | 23 (88.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | 9 (90.0%) | NS |
| Duration of follow-up, Mean months, (SD, range) | 45.0 (SD 7.2, range 34–56) | 45.8 (SD 7.0, 35–54) | 43.8 (SD 8.7, 34–54) | 45.3 (SD 6.7, 35–56) | NS |
| Mortality (% deceased) | 15.4% | 0 | 3 (37.5%) | 1 (10%) | NS |
| Repeat episode of endocarditis | 10 (38.5%) | 4 (50.0%) | 2 (25%) | 4 (40%) | NS |
| Evidence of MOUD after index admission during follow-up | 16 (61.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | 4 (50%) | 5 (50%) | NS |
MOUD = Medications for opioid use disorder
PTSD = Post-traumatic stress disorder
MRSA = Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
MSSA = Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus Aureus