Table 1.
Characteristics of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants by heritage, 2008–2011
| Characteristic | Cuban | Dominican | Mexican | Puerto Rican | Central American | South American | Other/Mixed | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95%CI) | Estimate (95%CI) | Estimate (95%CI) | Estimate (95%CI) | Estimate (95%CI) | Estimate (95%CI) | Estimate (95%CI) | Estimate (95%CI) | |
| Sample size, N | 2118 | 1202 | 4981 | 2214 | 1430 | 888 | 426 | 13259 |
| Age, yrs. | 46.5 (45.5–47.5) | 38.9 (37.5–40.3) | 38.5 (37.7–39.2) | 42.8 (41.7–43.8) | 39.7 (38.6–40.7) | 42.5 (40.8–44.1) | 34.5 (32.7–36.3) | 41 (40.5–41.5) |
| Male sex, % | 52.1 (49.9–54.2) | 39.7 (35.4–44.0) | 48.1 (45.9–50.3) | 52.1 (49.0–55.1) | 48.2 (44.7–51.7) | 46.2 (42.1–50.3) | 51.7 (44.2–59.3) | 48.8 (47.6–50.1) |
| US born, % | 7.5 (5.6–9.5) | 16.9 (12.6–21.1) | 24.7 (22.4–27.0) | 50.2 (46.9–53.4) | 7.6 (5.1–10.1) | 5.5 (3.4–7.5) | 54.2 (46.6–61.8) | 23.2 (21.5–24.9) |
| Age at Immigration, yrs. | 35 (34.0–35.9) | 25.4 (24.4–26.4) | 24.2 (23.3–25.0) | 18.4 (17.0–19.8) | 26.8 (26.0–27.7) | 29.5 (28.1–30.8) | 23.6 (20.1–27.1) | 27.1 (26.4–27.8) |
| Acculturation Score | 1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.8 (1.6–1.9) | 2 (1.9–2.1) | 3.3 (3.3–3.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 3 (2.8–3.3) | 1.9 (1.9–2.0) |
| Education Level, % | ||||||||
| No High School/GED, % | 22.1 (19.8–24.4) | 36.7 (32.8–40.7) | 34.8 (32.0–37.6) | 35 (31.9–38.1) | 38.7 (35.3–42.1) | 21.1 (17.1–25.1) | 20.4 (14.2–26.7) | 31.2 (29.8–32.7) |
| At most High School/GED, % | 29.7 (26.9–32.5) | 23 (19.1–26.9) | 30.5 (28.3–32.7) | 28.1 (25.5–30.6) | 25.5 (22.6–28.4) | 27.6 (23.6–31.5) | 23.7 (16.1–31.3) | 28.4 (27.2–29.6) |
| Greater Than High School/GED, % | 48.2 (45.2–51.1) | 40.2 (36.6–43.9) | 34.7 (31.4–38.1) | 36.9 (33.6–40.3) | 35.8 (32.3–39.3) | 51.3 (46.8–55.9) | 55.9 (48.0–63.8) | 40.4 (38.7–42.1) |
| Health Insurance, % | 41.5 (38.2–44.9) | 68.9 (64.6–73.2) | 42.9 (39.7–46.0) | 78.7 (76.1–81.3) | 30.8 (26.5–35.1) | 41.5 (36.8–46.1) | 56.8 (49.1–64.5) | 50.4 (48.5–52.3) |
| Smoking Status, % | ||||||||
| Never | 54 (51.1–57.0) | 77.8 (74.1–81.5) | 63.6 (61.3–65.8) | 49.3 (45.9–52.8) | 68.3 (64.8–71.8) | 64.2 (59.7–68.7) | 55.9 (48.2–63.6) | 60.7 (59.3–62.1) |
| Former | 19.2 (l7.2–21.2) | 10.1 (7.9–12.4) | 18 (16.4–19.7) | 17 (14.3–19.7) | 16.2 (13.5–18.9) | 21.7 (18.4–25.1) | 18.6 (13.3–23.9) | 17.4 (16.5–18.3) |
| Current | 26.8 (24.2–29.4) | 12.1 (8.6–15.6) | 18.4 (16.4–20.4) | 33.7 (30.5–36.9) | 15.4 (12.8–18.0) | 14 (10.7–17.3) | 25.5 (18.7–32.2) | 21.9 (20.7–23.1) |
| Pack-years Smoked Category*, % | ||||||||
| 0–4.9 | 1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.8 (1.6–1.9) | 2 (1.9–2.1) | 3.3 (3.3–3.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 3 (2.8–3.3) | 1.9 (1.9–2.0) |
| 5–9.9 | 5.2 (4.2–6.2) | 4.6 (3.1–6.2) | 5.4 (4.5–6.3) | 8.9 (7.1–10.7) | 5.2 (3.4–7.0) | 5.1 (3.2–6.9) | 5.8 (3.0–8.6) | 5.8 (5.2–6.3) |
| ≥10 | 28.4 (25.8–31.0) | 7.5 (5.9–9.1) | 7.1 (6.1–8.1) | 24.2 (21.3–27.2) | 9.7 (7.8–11.6) | 10.2 (7.9–12.6) | 11.2 (7.3–15.1) | 15.1 (13.9–16.2) |
| Second-hand Smoking, % | 78.9 (76.7–81.0) | 59.6 (55.2–64.0) | 57.7 (55.2–60.2) | 71.4 (68.2–74.6) | 55.4 (51.8–58.9) | 56.6 (52.5–60.7) | 68.1 (61.9–74.3) | 64.9 (63.5–66.4) |
| Asthma Onset Before Age 18 yrs., % | 17.7 (15.8–19.6) | 11.8 (9.0–14.6) | 5.7 (4.5–6.8) | 22.9 (20.1–25.8) | 9.7 (7.5–11.9) 4 | 6.3 (4.2–8.4) | 16.2 (10.9–21.5) | 12.4 (11.4–13.3) |
| COPD, % | 5.1 (4.2–6.1) | 2.2 (1.2–3.2) | 1.7 (1.1–2.2) | 4.3 (3.1–5.4) | 16 (0.9–2.3) | 2.2 (1.0–3.5) | 0.8 (0.1–1.4) | 2.9 (2.5–3.2) |
The estimates were calculated with PROC SURVEYMEANS and SURVEYFREQ procedures of SAS.The estimates account for sampling weight and study design.
*
Estimates are for smokers only.For variable descriptions and abbreviations see text.