Table 1.

Summary of the online pain coping skills training program content

	Name of technique/skill	Content of module
1	Progressive muscle relaxation	Introduce program and concept of pain coping skills Teach gate control theory Introduce progressive muscle relaxation and lead practice session Evaluate feelings of relaxation after practice Identify strategies to overcome obstacles to use of skill Set goal for practice sessions over next week
2	Mini-practices (brief relaxation skills)	Review progressive muscle relaxation and completed practice sessions Introduce “mini-practices” and lead practice session Evaluate pain after practice Identify strategies to overcome obstacles to use of skill Set goal for practice sessions over next week
3	Activity/rest cycling	Review mini-practices and completed practice sessions Introduce activity/rest cycling and identify activities that participant may overdo Show examples to demonstrate how to change overdone activities Create plan to incorporate plan into daily routine Set goal for practice sessions over next week
4	Pleasant activity scheduling and identify negative automatic thoughts	Review activity/rest cycling and completed practice sessions Introduce pleasant activity scheduling and demonstrate example of how to select and add pleasant activities to routine Schedule pleasant activities for week and problem-solve barriers Introduce negative automatic thoughts and demonstrate how to identify them Set goal for practice sessions over next week
5	Identify/change negative automatic thoughts and coping thoughts	Review pleasant activity scheduling and completed practice sessions Introduce coping thoughts and lead example creating coping thoughts Identify strategies to overcome obstacles to use of skill Set goal for practice sessions over next week
6	Pleasant imagery and distraction techniques	Review coping thoughts and completed practice sessions Introduce pleasant imagery and provide opportunity to practice Set goal for practice sessions over next week
7	Problem Solving	Review pleasant imagery and completed practice sessions Introduce concept of problem solving and demonstrate use of skill Practice selecting skills for different situations Set goal for practice sessions over next week
8	Monitoring for maintenance	Review all sessions Evaluate skill use, helpfulness, and comparison to other user experiences Develop plan for maintenance of skills Motivate further practice and skill development Review practice goals

Adapted from Rini, Porter [15]