Table 1.

Medications and the cardiovascular system [4].

Medication	Mechanism	Cardiovascular effects and medication interactions
Remdesivir	Nucleotide-analog inhibitor of RNA polymerases	- May cause hypotension, arrhythmias
Ribavirin	Inhibits RNA and DNA virus replication	- Interacts with anticoagulants - May cause severe hemolytic anemia
Lopinavir/Ritonavir	Lopinavir inhibits protease Ritonavir inhibits CYP3A metabolism	- Interacts with anticoagulants, antiplatelets, statins, antiarrhythmics - May result in prolonged QTc, AV blocks, Torsades de pointes
Favipiravir	Inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerases	- Interacts with anticoagulants, statins, antiarrhythmics - May cause severe hemolytic anemia
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine	Changes endosomal/organelle pH	- Interacts with antiarrhythmics - May cause direct myocardial toxicity; worsen cardiomyopathy; alter cardiac conduction; result in bundle branch block, AV block, ventricular arrhythmias, Torsades de pointes
Azithromycin	Interferes with protein synthesis, binds to 50s ribosome	- Interacts with anticoagulants, statins, antiarrhythmics, other QT prolonging agents - May result in dysrhythmias, prolonged QTc, Torsades de pointes
Interferon	Immune system activation	- May cause direct myocardial toxicity; worsen cardiomyopathy; alter cardiac conduction; cause hypotension or cardiac ischemia
Methylprednisolone	Reduces inflammation	- Interacts with anticoagulants - May cause fluid retention, hypertension, electrolyte changes
Tocilizumab	Inhibits IL-6	- May increase medication metabolism such as statins - May cause hypertension