Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of cases and controls.
| Age (years) | Cases | Controls | P-values | ||||
| 19–30 | 0 | 10 (8.3%) | 0.090 | ||||
| 31–45 | 8 (8.9%) | 18 (15%) | |||||
| 46-60 | 58 (64.4%) | 66 (55%) | |||||
| >60 | 24 (26.7%) | 26 (21.7%) | |||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 56 (62.2%) | 106 (88.3%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Female | 34 (37.8%) | 14 (11.7%) | |||||
| Province | Federal | 6 (6.7%) | 14 (11.7%) | 0.625 | |||
| Punjab | 42 (46.7%) | 55 (45.8%) | |||||
| KPK | 36 (40%) | 42 (35%) | |||||
| Baluchistan | 0 | 0 | |||||
| GilgitBaltistan/Azad Kashmir | 6 (6.7%) | 9 (7.5%) | |||||
| Sindh | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Literacy | |||||||
| Primary | 16 (17.8%) | 30 (25.0%) | 0.003 | ||||
| Middle | 0 | 10 (8.3%) | |||||
| High / Intermediate | 14 (15.5%) | 12 (10.0%) | |||||
| Graduate | 4 (4.4%) | 0 | |||||
| Illiterate | 56 (62.2%) | 68 (56.7%) | |||||
| Smoking status: | Ever smokers | 18 (20%) | 16 (13%) | 0.134 | |||
| SLT users | 58(64.4%) | 32(26.7%) | <0.001 | ||||