Fig. 1.

Plasma concentration–time profile in a typical adult patient of 50 kg with normal renal function (dotted line), 70 kg with renal impairment (25% reduction in clearance [CL], short dashed line), 70 kg with normal renal function (solid line), and in an obese adult of 150 kg with normal renal function (long dashed line) based on the pharmacokinetic model from Zhao et al. [20], which was adapted for obese patients (i.e., 0.75 allometric increase in CL and maximized volumes and intercompartmental CL on values for an 80-kg individual; see ESM for details). Two dose regimens were simulated: a dose regimen according to the SWAB (Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy) guideline [69] (total 3300 mg over 5 days with 600 and 300 mg on the first day) and b dose regimen according to Pussard et al. [47] (30 mg/kg over 48 h with a maximum dose of 2400 mg [80 kg] for obese patients). Chloroquine concentrations are shown in μmol/L (left axis) and mcg/L (right axis). To compare plasma concentrations with whole blood concentrations, multiply by a factor of 2.5–8 [1, 16, 17]. WT body weight