Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients with CAP in ED.
| All cohort | Death | Survival | P | ICU admission | Non-ICU admission | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 336 | 89 (26.5) | 247 (73.5) | 61 (18.2) | 275 (81.8) | ||
| Age (yrs) | 76 (61, 84) | 78 (67, 85) | 75 (61, 83) | 0.136 | 81 (70, 88) | 74 (61, 83) | 0.003 |
| Male, n (%) | 213 (63.4) | 56 (62.9) | 157 (63.6) | 0.914 | 40 (65.6) | 173 (62.9) | 0.696 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| COPD | 40 (11.9) | 12 (13.5) | 28 (11.3) | 0.592 | 16 (26.2) | 24 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| CDVD | 48 (14.3) | 18 (20.2) | 30 (12.1) | 0.062 | 14 (23.0) | 34 (12.4) | 0.033 |
| CBVD | 88 (26.2) | 28 (31.5) | 60 (24.3) | 0.187 | 18 (29.5) | 70 (25.5) | 0.515 |
| Diabetes | 77 (22.9) | 31 (34.8) | 46 (18.6) | 0.002 | 24 (39.3) | 53 (19.3) | 0.001 |
| CRD | 30 (8.9) | 9 (10.1) | 21 (8.5) | 0.648 | 8 (13.1) | 22 (8.0) | 0.205 |
| HBD | 24 (7.1) | 5 (5.6) | 19 (7.7) | 0.515 | 4 (6.6) | 20 (7.3) | 0.844 |
| Healthy | 28 (8.3) | 6 (6.7) | 22 (8.9) | 0.526 | 8 (13.1) | 20 (7.3) | 0.135 |
| Laboratory results | |||||||
| WBC (×109/L) | 10.0 (6.7, 14.1) | 11.0 (6.7, 15.9) | 9.8 (6.8, 13.9) | 0.406 | 11.7 (7.5, 15.9) | 9.7 (6.6, 13.9) | 0.046 |
| HGB (g/L) | 126 (115, 137) | 123 (111, 134) | 127 (117, 138) | 0.125 | 123 ± 22 | 127 (117, 138) | 0.367 |
| HCT (%) | 36.9 (31.8, 40.8) | 34.7 ± 9.1 | 37.3 (32.9, 40.9) | 0.037 | 35.5 ± 9.3 | 37.3 (32.5) | 0.368 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 184 (131, 251) | 163 (123, 249) | 191 (136, 251) | 0.311 | 155 (123, 230) | 191 (137, 254) | 0.116 |
| ALB (g/L) | 36.2 (32.1, 39.1) | 34.0 ± 5.9 | 36.7 (33, 39.3) | 0.001 | 34.3 ± 6.0 | 36.5 (32.5, 39.1) | 0.044 |
| CREA (μmol/L) | 80.5 (60.8, 114.3) | 92 (63.6, 140) | 75.9 (60.4, 105.8) | 0.011 | 95.5 (74.6, 150) | 75.9 (60.2, 105) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 7.4 (5.3, 11.0) | 8.7 (6.0, 13.4) | 6.8 (5.1, 10.4) | 0.010 | 10.4 (6.7, 16.1) | 6.8 (5.1, 10.4) | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 30 (20, 56) | 33 (23, 68) | 30 (20, 53) | 0.174 | 36 (23, 64) | 30 (20, 54) | 0.240 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20 (14, 37) | 17 (12, 35) | 21 (14, 37) | 0.225 | 16 (11, 32) | 21 (14, 38) | 0.167 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 14.8 (9.6, 23.0) | 15.3 (10.3, 23.5) | 14.3 (9.5, 22.7) | 0.318 | 15.1 (9.6, 23.6) | 14.7 (9.8, 22.9) | 0.778 |
| DBIL (μmol/L) | 6.4 (4.0, 10.6) | 6.8 (4.4, 11.3) | 6.1 (3.8, 10.2) | 0.089 | 6.1 (4.3, 11.5) | 6.4 (4.0, 10.4) | 0.503 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.2) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.4) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.2) | 0.252 | 4.0 (3.6, 4.4) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.2) | 0.050 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 303 (262, 352) | 285 (246, 328) | 313 (273, 363) | <0.001 | 286 (241, 328) | 310 (268, 361) | 0.007 |
| Vital signs | |||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 132 (119, 139) | 122 (97, 135) | 134 (125, 143) | <0.001 | 122 (96, 135) | 132 (122, 142) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 68 (65, 76) | 63 (55, 70) | 70 (66, 78) | <0.001 | 65 ± 11 | 69 (65, 76) | <0.001 |
| HR (times/min) | 86 (78, 94) | 87 (79, 106) | 86 (78, 94) | 0.009 | 86 (79, 106) | 86 (78, 94) | 0.024 |
| Severity scores | |||||||
| CURB65 | 2 (2, 3) | 3 (3, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | <0.001 | 3 (3, 4) | 2 (2, 3) | <0.001 |
| CRB65 | 2 (1, 3) | 3 (2, 3) | 2 (1, 2) | <0.001 | 3 (2, 3) | 2 (1, 2) | <0.001 |
| PSI | 128 ± 40 | 157 ± 35 | 120 ± 38 | <0.001 | 174 (150, 191) | 121 ± 36 | <0.001 |
| SOFA | 3 (2, 5) | 6 (4, 8) | 3 (2, 4) | <0.001 | 7 (6, 9) | 3 (2, 4) | <0.001 |
| qSOFA | 2 (1, 2) | 3 (2, 3) | 1 (1, 2) | <0.001 | 3 (2, 3) | 1 (1, 2) | <0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.1, 2.1) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.9) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.8) | <0.001 | 2.5 (1.6, 4.2) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.8) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n, n (%), or median (QL, QU). CAP: community-acquired pneumonia; ED: emergency department; SCAP: severe community-acquired pneumonia; NSCAP: nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CDVD: cardiovascular disease; CBVD: cerebrovascular disease; CRD: chronic renal disease; HBD: hepatobiliary disease; WBC: white blood cell; HGB: hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; PLT: platelet; ALB: albumin; CREA: creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; TBIL: total bilirubin; DBIL: direct bilirubin; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; CURB65: confusion, urea > 7 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, blood pressure < 90 mmHg systolic and/or ≤60 mmHg diastolic, and age ≥ 65 years; CRB65: confusion, respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, blood pressure < 90 mmHg systolic and/or ≤60 mmHg diastolic, and age ≥ 65 years; PSI: pneumonia severity index; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; qSOFA: quick sequential organ failure assessment.