Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients with CAP in ED.
| All cohorts | MV | NMV | P | Use of vasopressors | Nonuse of vasopressors | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 336 | 83 (24.7) | 253 (75.3) | 108 (32.1) | 228 (67.9) | ||
| Age (yrs) | 76 (61, 84) | 78 (67, 84) | 76 (61, 84) | 0.584 | 78 (66, 87) | 75 (61, 83) | 0.065 |
| Male, n (%) | 213 (63.4) | 54 (60.7) | 159 (64.4) | 0.535 | 71 (65.7) | 142 (62.3) | 0.539 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| COPD | 40 (11.9) | 14 (15.7) | 26 (10.5) | 0.194 | 15 (13.9) | 25 (11.0) | 0.440 |
| CDVD | 48 (14.3) | 14 (15.7) | 34 (13.8) | 0.650 | 18 (16.7) | 30 (13.2) | 0.391 |
| CBVD | 88 (26.2) | 20 (22.5) | 68 (27.5) | 0.352 | 30 (27.8) | 58 (25.4) | 0.649 |
| Diabetes | 77 (22.9) | 15 (16.9) | 62 (25.1) | 0.112 | 35 (32.4) | 42 (18.4) | 0.004 |
| CRD | 30 (8.9) | 9 (10.1) | 21 (8.5) | 0.648 | 12 (11.1) | 18 (7.9) | 0.334 |
| HBD | 24 (7.1) | 6 (6.7) | 18 (7.3) | 0.864 | 4 (3.7) | 20 (8.8) | 0.092 |
| Healthy | 28 (8.3) | 7 (7.9) | 21 (8.5) | 0.852 | 5 (4.6) | 23 (10.1) | 0.091 |
| Laboratory results | |||||||
| WBC (×109/L) | 10.0 (6.7, 14.1) | 10.4 (6.7, 15.8) | 9.7 (6.8, 13.9) | 0.244 | 10.8 (6.9, 16.0) | 9.8 (6.6, 13.9) | 0.180 |
| HGB (g/L) | 126 (115, 137) | 126 (115, 137) | 126 (116, 137) | 0.781 | 126 (113, 136) | 127 (117, 138) | 0.314 |
| HCT (%) | 36.9 (31.8, 40.8) | 35.4 ± 9.2 | 37.2 (32.7, 40.7) | 0.356 | 34.9 ± 9.1 | 37.3 (32.9, 40.9) | 0.092 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 184 (131, 251) | 155 (117, 241) | 192 (141, 251) | 0.109 | 162 (123, 245) | 193 (141, 252) | 0.082 |
| ALB (g/L) | 36.2 (32.1, 39.1) | 34 ± 6 | 36.7 (32.8, 39.3) | 0.002 | 34.2 ± 5.7 | 36.8 (33.0, 39.4) | <0.001 |
| CREA (μmol/L) | 80.5 (60.8, 114.3) | 92.5 (71.2, 149.2) | 75.5 (59.9, 104) | <0.001 | 92 (69, 145.4) | 75.4 (60, 101.4) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 7.4 (5.3, 11.0) | 9.5 (6.5, 15.0) | 6.8 (5.0, 10.3) | <0.001 | 9.0 (6.0, 13.6) | 6.8 (5.1, 10.0) | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 30 (20, 56) | 36 (23, 81) | 29 (20, 53) | 0.097 | 33 (23, 75) | 29 (20, 53) | 0.122 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20 (14, 37) | 17 (12, 45) | 21 (14, 36) | 0.694 | 18 (12, 40) | 21 (14, 37) | 0.220 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 14.8 (9.6, 23.0) | 16.1 (10.6, 25) | 14 (9.5, 22.3) | 0.164 | 16.0 (10.2, 25.9) | 13.9 (9.5, 21.9) | 0.089 |
| DBIL (μmol/L) | 6.4 (4.0, 10.6) | 7 (4.4, 12.3) | 6.1 (3.9, 9.7) | 0.037 | 7.0 (4.4, 12.0) | 6.0 (3.8, 9.6) | 0.020 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.2) | 4 (3.6, 4.5) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.1) | 0.006 | 4.0 (3.5, 4.3) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.2) | 0.220 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 303 (262, 352) | 285 (244, 326) | 313 (272, 363) | <0.001 | 287 (246, 333) | 315 (274, 363) | 0.002 |
| Vital signs | |||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 132 (119, 139) | 122 (100, 135) | 134 (125, 143) | <0.001 | 113 (97, 133) | 135 (126, 145) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 68 (65, 76) | 65 (55, 71) | 70 (66, 78) | <0.001 | 62 (55, 69) | 72 (68, 78) | <0.001 |
| HR (times/min) | 86 (78, 94) | 86 (79, 104) | 86 (78, 94) | 0.033 | 89 (79, 106) | 86 (78, 92) | <0.001 |
| Severity scores | |||||||
| CURB65 | 2 (2, 3) | 3 (3, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | <0.001 | 3 (2.5, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | <0.001 |
| CRB65 | 2 (1, 3) | 3 (2, 3) | 2 (1, 2) | <0.001 | 3 (2, 3) | 2 (1, 2) | <0.001 |
| PSI | 128 ± 40 | 161 ± 37 | 120 ± 36 | <0.001 | 156 ± 38 | 118 ± 36 | <0.001 |
| SOFA | 3 (2, 5) | 6 (5, 9) | 3 (2, 4) | <0.001 | 6 (4, 8) | 3 (2, 4) | <0.001 |
| qSOFA | 2 (1, 2) | 3 (2, 3) | 1 (1, 2) | <0.001 | 2 (2, 3) | 1 (1, 2) | <0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.1, 2.1) | 1.9 (1.3, 4.2) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.4, 4.1) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n, n (%), or median (QL, QU). CAP: community-acquired pneumonia; MV: mechanical ventilation; NMV: nonmechanical ventilation; ED: emergency department; SCAP: severe community-acquired pneumonia; NSCAP: nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CDVD: cardiovascular disease; CBVD: cerebrovascular disease; CRD: chronic renal disease; HBD: hepatobiliary disease; WBC: white blood cell; HGB: hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; PLT: platelet; ALB: albumin; CREA: creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; TBIL: total bilirubin; DBIL: direct bilirubin; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; CURB65: confusion, urea > 7 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, blood pressure < 90 mmHg systolic and/or ≤60 mmHg diastolic, and age ≥ 65 years; CRB65: confusion, respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, blood pressure < 90 mmHg systolic and/or ≤60 mmHg diastolic, and age ≥ 65 years; PSI: pneumonia severity index; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; qSOFA: quick sequential organ failure assessment.