Table 1.
Viral infections of mice deficient for TLR3, TLR7, TLR9
| TLR | Infection | Phenotype | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival rate | Viral load | Others | |||
| TLR3 | Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) | NT | ↑ in the heart | ↓ proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in the heart | (123) |
| Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | ↓ | ↑ in the spleen | ↓ IFN‐α/β production | (5) | |
| NT | NT | No difference in CD8 T or CD4 T response | (128) | ||
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | NT | No difference | ↑ Th2‐cytokine production, mucus production and gob5 expression in the airways | (124) | |
| Influenza virus (IAV) | ↑ | ↑ in the lung | ↓ inflammatory mediators (IL‐6, IL‐12) in the bronchalveolar airspace | (125) | |
| Punta Toro virus (PTV) | ↑ | NT | ↓ liver disease ↓ IL‐6, MCP‐1, IFN‐γ and RANTES levels in the liver and serum | (126) | |
| West Nile virus (WNV) | ↑ | ↓ in the brain, ↑ in the periphery | ↓ IL‐6, TNF‐α, IFN‐α, ‐β production in the blood and the brain | (127) | |
| Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) | NT | NT | No difference in CD8 T or CD4 T response | (128) | |
| T3 reovirus | NT | NT | No difference in CNS injury | (128) | |
| Lymphocytic choriomenigitis virus (LCMV) | NT | NT | No difference in CD8 T or CD4 T response | (128) | |
| TLR7 | Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) | NT | NT | ↓ IFN‐α production | (47) |
| TLR9 | Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | ↓ | ↑ in the spleen | ↓ IFN‐α/β production and NK cell activation | (5, 79) |
| Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) | NT | No difference | (78) | ||
↑ increased; ↓ decreased; NT not tested.