Figure 1.

Antiviral responses under normal conditions. The TLR‐dependent, RIG‐1/MDA5 and TLR‐independent pathways induce IFN‐α/β production and the expression of ISG (interferon‐stimulated gene) to tailor the innate anti‐viral response to DENV infection. dsRNA, double‐stranded RNA; 5′‐pppRNA, 5′ triphosphate single‐stranded RNA; STING, stimulator of IFN genes; MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling; TRIF, TIR‐domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β; TRAF, TNF receptor‐associated factor; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase; JAK/STAT, janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription; IRF, interferon regulatory factor.