Table 3.
Summary of prevalence of the four high‐risk food‐borne zoonotic hazards in finishing pigs reported in 80 studies
| Nature of sample tested or type of shedding | Individual prevalence | Herd prevalence | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Min | Max | ps | ps 95% CI | Q | Pv | n | Median | Min | Max | ps | ps 95% CI | Q | Pv | n | ||||
| Lower limit | Upper limit | Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||||||||||||
| Campylobacter spp. | Shedding (faeces or rectal contents) | 0.697 | 0.114 | 0.999 | 0.655 | 0.646 | 0.664 | 8.222 | 0.412 | 9 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.999 | 0.996 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 11 |
| Digestive carriage | 0.738 | 0.073 | 0.958 | 0.710 | 0.699 | 0.720 | 19.222 | 0.057 | 12 | 0.999 | 0.830 | 1.000 | 0.877 | 0.809 | 0.923 | 0.011 | 1.000 | 5 | |
| Gastric contents | 0.565 | 0.504 | 0.625 | 0.515 | 0.484 | 0.545 | 0.075 | 0.784 | 2 | 0.830 | – | – | 0.830 | 0.739 | 0.794 | – | – | 1 | |
| Intestinal contents | 0.920 | 0.549 | 0.958 | 0.766 | 0.755 | 0.776 | 14.618 | 0.023 | 7 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.999 | 0.993 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 3 | |
| Tonsils and digestive lymph nodes | 0.292 | 0.073 | 0.458 | 0.247 | 0.203 | 0.297 | 0.418 | 0.811 | 3 | 1.000 | – | – | 0.999 | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| Serological prevalence | 0.812 | – | – | 0.812 | 0.799 | 0.825 | – | – | 1 | 1.000 | – | – | 0.999 | 0.994 | 1.000 | – | – | 1 | |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Shedding (faeces or rectal contents) | 0.009 | 0 | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.030 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 2 | 0.140 | – | – | 0.140 | 0.108 | 0.180 | – | – | 1 |
| Digestive carriage: | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Gastric contents | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Intestinal contents | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Tonsils and digestive lymph nodes | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Serological prevalence | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Salmonella enterica | Shedding (faeces or rectal contents) | 0.039 | 0.007 | 0.340 | 0.062 | 0.060 | 0.064 | 8.300 | 0.600 | 11 | 0.416 | 0.101 | 0.999 | 0.218 | 0.211 | 0.225 | 14.214 | 0.942 | 25 |
| Digestive carriage: | 0.145 | 0.018 | 0.547 | 0.155 | 0.153 | 0.157 | 84.818 | 0.000 | 29 | 0.554 | 0.028 | 0.999 | 0.234 | 0.227 | 0. 240 | 23.436 | 0.219 | 20 | |
| Gastric contents | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Intestinal contents | 0.202 | 0.018 | 0.547 | 0.246 | 0.242 | 0.251 | 35.028 | 0.001 | 14 | 0.500 | 0.028 | 0.999 | 0.190 | 0.183 | 0.197 | 8.304 | 0.599 | 11 | |
| Tonsils and digestive lymph nodes | 0.108 | 0.033 | 0.332 | 0.109 | 0.107 | 0.111 | 31.115 | 0.005 | 15 | 0.640 | 0.191 | 0.919 | 0.372 | 0.355 | 0.389 | 10.334 | 0.242 | 9 | |
| Serological prevalence: | 0.142 | 0.016 | 0.470 | 0.081 | 0.081 | 0.081 | 281.337 | <0.001 | 12 | 0.773 | 0.047 | 0.951 | 0.124 | 0.120 | 0.128 | 62.064Δ | ‐ | 15 | |
| Blood samples (10% OD cut‐off) | 0.313 | 0.156 | 0.470 | 0.367 | 0.361 | 0.373 | 28.376 | <0.001 | 2 | 0.920 | 0.890 | 0.950 | 0.898 | 0.882 | 0.912 | 0.012 | 0.913 | 2 | |
| Blood samples (25% OD cut‐off) | 0.253 | – | – | 0.253 | 0.233 | 0.275 | – | – | 1 | 0.812 | 0.773 | 0.850 | 0.781 | 0.747 | 0.812 | 0.014 | 0.906 | 2 | |
| Blood samples (30% OD cut‐off) | 0.099 | – | – | 0.099 | 0.096 | 0.102 | – | – | 1 | 0.367 | – | – | 0.367 | 0.349 | 0.386 | – | – | 1 | |
| Blood samples (40% OD cut‐off) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.230 | – | – | 0.230 | 0.190 | 0.276 | – | – | 1 | |
| Meat juice samples (20% OD cut‐off) | 0.082 | – | – | 0.082 | 0.082 | 0.082 | – | – | 1 | 0.833 | – | – | 0833 | 0.625 | 0.937 | – | – | 1 | |
| Meat juice samples (25% OD cut‐off) | 0.274 | 0.115 | 0.432 | 0.296 | 0.279 | 0.313 | 3.622 | 0.057 | 2 | 0.900 | – | – | 0.900 | 0.810 | 0.950 | – | – | 1 | |
| Meat juice samples (30% OD cut‐off) | 0.283 | – | – | 0.283 | 0.278 | 0.288 | – | – | 1 | 0.450 | – | – | 0.450 | 0.400 | 0.501 | – | – | 1 | |
| Meat juice samples (40% OD cut‐off) | 0.062 | 0.016 | 0.152 | 0.055 | 0.054 | 0.055 | 3.159 | 0.368 | 4 | 0.210 | 0.047 | 0.667 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.051 | 0.911 | 0.823 | 4 | |
| Pathogenic strains of Yersinia enterocolitica | Shedding (faeces or rectal contents) | 0.125 | 0.005 | 0.196 | 0.122 | 0.118 | 0.125 | 0.672 | 0.999 | 8 | 0.666 | 0.357 | 0.999 | 0.599 | 0.557 | 0.640 | 0.684 | 0.998 | 8 |
| Digestive carriage: | 0.147 | 0.038 | 0.625 | 0.194 | 0.189 | 0.199 | 11.156 | 0.800 | 17 | 0.584 | 0.122 | 0.999 | 0.269 | 0.245 | 0.295 | 2.510 | 0.999 | 14 | |
| Gastric contents | 0.042 | – | – | 0.042 | 0.016 | 0.108 | – | – | 1 | 0.333 | – | – | 0.333 | 0.128 | 0.630 | – | – | 1 | |
| Intestinal contents | 0.125 | 0.040 | 0.173 | 0.165 | 0.156 | 0.175 | 0.119 | 0.998 | 5 | 0.500 | 0.122 | 0.667 | 0.141 | 0.119 | 0.167 | 0.402 | 0.940 | 4 | |
| Tonsils and digestive lymph nodes | 0.219 | 0.038 | 0.625 | 0.203 | 0.197 | 0.209 | 10.542 | 0.482 | 12 | 0.585 | 0.250 | 0.999 | 0.396 | 0.357 | 0.436 | 1.139 | 0.999 | 10 | |
| Serological prevalence | 0.668 | 0.541 | 0.875 | 0.699 | 0.325 | 0.918 | 0.007 | 0.997 | 3 | 0.883 | 0.640 | 0.999 | 0.653 | 0.627 | 0.678 | 0.148 | 0.929 | 3 | |
Min, minimal value; Max, maximal value; ps, prevalence estimate; n, number of values per category; ‐, lack of data; Pv, P‐value for the calculated Q parameter in comparison with a χ2 distribution; OD, optical density.