Table 8.

 Prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in finishing pigs reported in 14 studies in eight European and North‐American countries

Shedding or carriage	Country	References	Individual or pool prevalence			Pigs tested	Herd prevalence			Herds tested	Type of material sampled	Type of analysis
			p	p 95% CI			p	p 95% CI
				Lower limit	Upper limit			Lower limit	Upper limit
Shedding (prevalence in faeces or rectal contents)	Canada	Pilon et al., 2000	0.128*	0.107	0.149	1,010	0.800	0.625	0.975	20	Pen swabs	Ind, Cul
	Finland	Asplund et al., 1990	0.177	0.115	0.239	147	0.357	0.106	0.608	14	Faeces collected on farms	Ind, Cul
	Germany	Gürtler et al., 2005	0.196	0.161	0.231	491	0.500	0.010	0.990	4	Faeces (5 g) collected on farm	Ind, Cul
			0.005	0.001	0.012	379	0.500	0.010	0.990	4	Faeces (5 g) collected at slaughterhouse
		Altrock et al., 2007	0.084	0.066	0.102	900	–	–	–	30	Faeces collected at slaughterhouse	Ind, Cul
	Norway	Nesbakken et al., 2003	0.125	0.001	0.257	24	1.000	0.963	1.000	3	Faeces (10 g) collected at slaughterhouse	Ind, Cul
	United States	Bhaduri et al., 2005	0.124	0.112	0.136	2,793	0.532	0.421	0.643	77	Faeces (1 g) collected on farms	Ind, Cul
		Bowman et al., 2007	0.107	0.084	0.130	718	0.875	0.645	1.000	8	Rectal and pharyngal swabs	Ind, Cul
Digestive carriage (prevalence in digestive contents or tonsils and lymph nodes collected at slaughterhouse)	Canada	Letellier et al., 1999a	0.173	0.153	0.193	1,420	0.673	0.611	0.735	223	Caecal contents (1g)	Ind, Cul
	Finland	Asplund et al., 1990	0.364	0.321	0.407	481	0.708	0.579	0.837	48	Tonsils	Ind, Cul
		Fredriksson‐Ahomaa et al., 2000	0.330	0.262	0.398	185	–	–	–	–	Tonsils (10 g)	Ind, Cul
	Germany	Gürtler et al., 2005	0.384	0.335	0.433	372	1.000	0.968	1.000	4	Tonsils	Ind, Cul
			0.038	0.018	0.058	346	0.500	0.010	0.990	4	Ileocaecal lymph nodes	Ind, Cul
		Nowak et al., 2006	0.050	0.020	0.080	210	1.000	0.974	1.000	6	Caecal contents	Ind, Cul
			0.290	0.229	0.351	210	1.000	0.974	1.000	6	Tonsils	Ind, Cul
			0.020	0.001	0.039	210	1.000	0.974	1.000	6	Ileocaecal lymph nodes	Ind, Cul
	Italy	Bonardi et al., 2003	0.040	0.009	0.071	150	–	–	–	–	Caecal contents (10 g)	Ind, Cul
			0.147	0.090	0.204	150	–	–	–	–	Tonsils (1 g)	Ind, Cul
	Latvia	Terentjeva et al., 2007	0.310	0.223	0.397	108	1.000	0.974	1.000	6	Tonsils	Ind, Cul
	Norway	Nesbakken et al., 2003	0.042	0.002	0.082	97	0.333	0.001	0.866	3	Submaxillary lymph nodes (5 g)	Ind, Cul
			0.625	0.431	0.819	24	1.000	0.963	1.000	3	Tonsils (10 g)	Ind, Cul
			0.042	0.001	0.122		0.333	0.001	0.866		Mesenteric nodes (5 g)
			0.042	0.001	0.122		0.333	0.001	0.866		Stomachs (10 g)
			0.167	0.018	0.316		0.333	0.001	0.866		Ileum contents (10 g)
			0.125	0.001	0.257		0.667	0.134	1.000		Caecum contents (10 g)
			0.083	0.001	0.193		0.667	0.134	1.000		Colon contents (10 g)
	United States	Funk et al., 1998	0.132	0.121	0.143	3,375	0.282	0.195	0.369	103	Oro‐pharyngal swabs	Ind, Cul
Serological prevalence	Denmark	Skjerve et al., 1998	0.541	0.517	0.565	1,605	0.638	0.580	0.696	265	Blood samples	Ind, AD
	Germany	Altrock et al., 2007	0.668	0.637	0.698	900	0.833	0.700	0.966	30	Blood samples at slaughterhouse	Ind, AD
	Norway	Nesbakken et al., 2003	0.875	0.743	1.000	24	1.000	0.963	1.000	3	Blood samples collected at slaughterhouse	Ind, AD

P, apparent prevalence; Ind, individual analysis; Pool, pooled samples analysed; Cul, culture; AD, antibody detection; –, lack of data.

*Estimate calculated from the proportion of pathogenic strains among fecal and environmental samples.