Fig. 4.

Clinical course of the patient in intensive care unit. Grey bar chart demonstrates sweep gas flow of VV-ECMO (L/min); orange line shows tidal volume (mL); blue line shows peak pressure of ventilator (cmH₂O). ∗ Mechanical ventilation settings before initiating VV-ECMO are described in the Case presentation. VV-ECMO, venovenous-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VCV, volume-controlled ventilation; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; FIO₂, fraction of inspiratory oxygen; PCV, pressure-controlled ventilation; PI, inspiratory pressure; P peak, peak pressure of ventilator