Table 1-2.
Baseline characteristics of included patients (categorized by severity of illness).
| Mild-ill (n = 80) | Severe-ill (n = 45) | Critically-ill (n = 62) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (M%) | 30 (37.5) | 31 (68.9) | 42 (67.7) | <0.001 |
| Age | 56.00 [44.00, 67.00] | 60.00 [46.00, 67.00] | 70.00 [60.25, 76.75] | <0.001 |
| Disease history | ||||
| Health (%) | 48 (60.0) | 24 (53.3) | 20 (32.3) | 0.004 |
| HP (%) | 15 (18.8) | 11 (24.4) | 24 (38.7) | 0.026 |
| CCD (%) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (6.7) | 13 (21.0) | 0.002 |
| Kidney (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (9.7) | 0.002 |
| Lung (%) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.466 |
| Metabolic (%) | 7 (8.8) | 6 (13.3) | 8 (12.9) | 0.648 |
| Outcome | <0.001 | |||
| Stay in hospital | 12 (15.0) | 8 (17.8) | 22 (35.5) | |
| Discharge | 68 (85.0) | 37 (82.2) | 12 (19.4) | |
| Death | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (45.2) | |
| Length in hospital | 16.00 [11.00, 20.00] | 18.00 [14.00, 21.00] | 18.00 [12.00, 25.00] | 0.007 |
| Clinical symptoms | ||||
| Fever (%) | 63 (79.7) | 40 (88.9) | 50 (80.6) | 0.418 |
| Cough (%) | 60 (75.9) | 37 (82.2) | 48 (77.4) | 0.766 |
| Sign (%) | 43 (54.4) | 37 (82.2) | 57 (91.9) | <0.001 |
| Chest pain (%) | 5 (6.3) | 3 (6.7) | 5 (8.1) | 0.934 |
| Muscle soreness (%) | 15 (19.0) | 10 (22.2) | 9 (14.5) | 0.562 |
| Headache (%) | 2 (2.5) | 3 (6.7) | 3 (4.8) | 0.474 |
| Dizziness (%) | 5 (6.3) | 2 (4.4) | 10 (16.4) | 0.075 |
| Sore throat (%) | 5 (6.3) | 2 (4.4) | 2 (3.2) | 0.764 |
| Diarrhea (%) | 16 (20.3) | 14 (31.1) | 13 (21.0) | 0.348 |
| Nausea (%) | 10 (12.7) | 3 (6.7) | 10 (16.1) | 0.35 |
| Poor appetite (%) | 59 (74.7) | 37 (82.2) | 55 (88.7) | 0.097 |
| Weakness (%) | 63 (79.7) | 37 (82.2) | 59 (95.2) | 0.02 |
| Complicated infection | ||||
| Bacterial infection (%) | 2 (2.5) | 4 (8.9) | 17 (27.4) | <0.001 |
| Fungi infection (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.2) | 0.167 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Antibiotic usage (%) | 51 (64.6) | 41 (91.1) | 62 (100.0) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroids (%) | 29 (36.7) | 29 (64.4) | 55 (88.7) | <0.001 |
| Duration of Corticosteroids | 0.00 [0.00, 5.00] | 5.00 [0.00, 7.00] | 9.00 [4.00, 12.00] | <0.001 |
| Gamma globulin | 29 (36.7) | 22 (48.9) | 43 (69.4) | |
| Contact history | ||||
| Huanan Contact (%) | 2 (2.5) | 3 (6.7) | 4 (6.5) | 0.46 |
| Contact to others (%) | 29 (36.2) | 8 (17.8) | 11 (17.7) | 0.02 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| PCT (mmol/L) | 0.02 [0.02, 0.04] | 0.06 [0.03, 0.09] | 0.14 [0.07, 0.32] H | <0.001 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 3.68 [3.30, 4.00] | 3.50 [3.19, 3.84] | 3.70 [3.40, 4.17] | 0.124 |
| WBC (G/L) | 5.00 [3.80, 6.00] | 6.02 [4.54, 9.30] | 7.00 [4.50, 11.31] H | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil (G/L) | 3.12 [2.18, 4.20] | 4.87 [3.43, 7.64] | 6.14 [3.33, 10.15] H | <0.001 |
| Lymp (G/L) | 1.25 [0.90, 1.59] | 0.82 [0.59, 1.01] | 0.52 [0.37, 0.88] | <0.001 |
| Monocyte (G/L) | 0.39 [0.31, 0.52] | 0.42 [0.29, 0.61] | 0.32 [0.18, 0.44] | 0.005 |
| Inflammatory cytokines | ||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 8.77 [2.62, 24.75]H | 51.37 [22.07, 82.41] H | 83.23 [40.12, 118.20] H | <0.001 |
| SAA (mg/L) | 83.62 [11.59, 202.50] H | 292.32 [153.03, 301.00] H | 301.00 [258.48, 301.00] H | <0.001 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 4.90 [4.90, 5.21] H | 4.90 [4.90, 5.42] H | 4.90 [4.90, 5.61] H | 0.97 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 5.00 [4.90, 7.16] | 8.52 [4.90, 15.80] H | 9.56 [5.14, 14.80] H | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 14.60 [4.21, 22.30] H | 11.30 [4.34, 28.43] H | 17.40 [7.18, 50.20] H | 0.072 |
| T lymphocyte subsets | ||||
| CD4+/CD8+ | 1.68 [0.96, 2.18] | 1.96 [1.02, 2.70] | 1.75 [1.06, 2.28] | 0.454 |
| CD3+ T (/uL) | 894.50 [662.75, 1192.00] | 593.00 [412.00, 725.00] | 287.50 [240.50, 528.50] | <0.001 |
| CD4+ T (/uL) | 573.50 [426.75, 771.00] | 299.00 [249.00, 460.00] L | 168.50 [125.25, 255.00] L | <0.001 |
| CD8+T (/uL) | 323.50 [232.75, 448.75] | 188.00 [134.00, 274.00] L | 92.50 [70.75, 141.50] L | <0.001 |
| B cell (/uL) | 213.50 [152.25, 314.25] | 97.00 [74.00, 162.00] L | 73.00 [36.50, 101.75] L | <0.001 |
| NK cell (/uL) | 107.50 [82.75, 149.75] | 93.00 [60.00, 161.00] L | 55.50 [32.00, 91.25] L | <0.001 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 4.09 [3.18, 5.45] | 5.19 [3.89, 7.07] | 6.95 [5.34, 9.62] | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (umol/L) | 63.60 [54.55, 78.98] | 72.60 [61.00, 97.10] | 87.25 [67.22, 102.72] | <0.001 |
| Urea acid (umol/L) | 255.20 [206.28, 290.65] | 255.20 [216.70, 305.60] | 296.40 [214.40, 378.07] | 0.03 |
| ALT (U/L) | 15.00 [9.00, 31.50] | 32.00 [15.00, 61.00] | 25.50 [15.25, 44.75] | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.00 [16.00, 28.00] | 35.00 [22.00, 54.00] | 32.00 [23.25, 54.75] | <0.001 |
| CK (U/L) | 78.00 [41.25, 119.25] | 91.00 [42.00, 135.50] | 121.00 [62.25, 182.50] H | 0.041 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 12.00 [8.75, 15.00] | 17.00 [11.50, 21.50] | 18.00 [13.00, 23.00] | <0.001 |
| D-Dimer (mg/L) | 0.42 [0.34, 0.85] H | 0.75 [0.50, 1.71] H | 1.22 [0.55, 11.54] H | <0.001 |
| PT (sec) | 12.40 [11.70, 13.10] | 13.10 [12.00, 14.05] | 13.75 [12.70, 14.60] | <0.001 |