Table 1.
Characteristics of Respondents with and Without PHI in CHARLS 2011–2015
| With PHI [480 (1.83%)] |
Without PHI [23,821 (98.07%)] | Total [24,301] |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.9 (7.4) | 59.3 (9.0) | 59.2 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Male [N (%)] | 251 (53.4) | 11,662 (48.9) | 11,913 (49.0) | 0.055 |
| Rural [N (%)] | 229 (48.7) | 15,843 (66.5) | 16,072 (66.1) | <0.001 |
| Education high school or above | 141 (30.0) | 2723 (11.4) | 2864 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| Mean number of chronic conditions | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.5) | 1. 6 (1.5) | 0.380 |
| Self-reported health status [N (%)] | <0.001 | |||
| Excellent | 7 (1.6) | 199 (1.0) | 206 (1.0) | |
| Very good | 63 (14.8) | 2006 (9.6) | 2069 (9.7) | |
| Good | 73 (17.1) | 2929 (14.1) | 3002 (14.1) | |
| Fair | 223 (52.2) | 11,018 (52.9) | 11,241 (52.8) | |
| Poor | 61 (14.3) | 4695 (22.5) | 4756 (22.4) | |
| Income (Chinese ¥) |
9633 (20,525) |
3927 (18,346) |
4035 (18,406) |
<0.001 |
| Had any hospitalization in the past year [N (%)] | 52 (11.1) | 2712 (11.5) | 2764 (11.5) | 0.815 |
| Had any outpatient visit in the past month [N (%)] | 94 (20.4) | 4805 (20.5) | 4899 (20.5) | 0.992 |
| The household had any out-of-pocket medical expenditure [N (%)] | 300 (63.8) | 13,639 (57.2) | 13,939 (57.4) | 0.004 |
| Household out-of-pocket medical expenditure as percent of household consumption (percentage points) | 6.5 (12.6) | 7.9 (15.2) | 7.9 (15.1) | 0.039 |
Notes: Results are presented as mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise specified. Repeated responses were pooled.
Abbreviation: PHI, private health insurance.