Table 2.
Coefficient Estimates Using the Three Different Methods to Implement TPM Estimation
| First Part | Second Part | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probit with RE Estimated Separately | Probit Without RE Estimated Using TPM Routine | Probit with RE Estimated Using GSEM | GLM with RE ESTIMATED Separately | GLM Without RE Estimated Using TPM Routine | GLM with RE Estimated Using GSEM | |
| Having PHI | 0.185* (0.0720) |
0.185* (0.0749) |
0.184* (0.0726) |
−0.182* (0.0914) |
−0.206 (0.105) |
−0.241* (0.0959) |
| Self-reported health fair or above | 0.192*** (0.0262) |
0.192*** (0.0252) |
0.186*** (0.0283) |
−0.265*** (0.0356) |
−0.221*** (0.0313) |
−0.326*** (0.0380) |
| Living in rural area | −0.0233 (0.0218) |
−0.0233 (0.0199) |
−0.0222 (0.0218) |
0.119*** (0.0314) |
0.120*** (0.0303) |
0.0515 (0.0347) |
| Age | 0.00602*** (0.00118) |
0.00602*** (0.00108) |
0.00587*** (0.00135) |
0.0259*** (0.00178) |
0.0215*** (0.00166) |
0.0203*** (0.00197) |
| Annual personal income (in thousand Chinese ¥) | 0.000225 (0.000454) |
0.000225 (0.000674) |
0.000236 (0.000453) |
−0.00738*** (0.00122) |
−0.00834*** (0.00120) |
−0.00903*** (0.00127) |
| Ever Had Condition | ||||||
| High blood pressure | 0.0806*** (0.0243) |
0.0806*** (0.0222) |
0.0839*** (0.0247) |
0.0473 (0.0333) |
0.0184 (0.0316) |
0.0133 (0.0363) |
| Diabetes | 0.171*** (0.0425) |
0.171*** (0.0376) |
0.178*** (0.0436) |
0.181*** (0.0528) |
0.132** (0.0451) |
0.154** (0.0573) |
| Cancer | 0.256* (0.103) |
0.256** (0.0868) |
0.260* (0.104) |
0.396** (0.122) |
0.396*** (0.104) |
0.353** (0.131) |
| Lung disease | 0.0659 (0.0357) |
0.0659* (0.0328) |
0.0702* (0.0358) |
0.0787 (0.0479) |
0.0708 (0.0437) |
0.0626 (0.0517) |
| Heart problem | 0.122*** (0.0318) |
0.122*** (0.0281) |
0.127*** (0.0325) |
0.263*** (0.0411) |
0.216*** (0.0349) |
0.250*** (0.0446) |
| Stroke | 0.124 (0.0672) |
0.124* (0.0585) |
0.126 (0.0678) |
0.143 (0.0847) |
0.118 (0.0730) |
0.132 (0.0908) |
| Psychiatric problem | 0.207* (0.0928) |
0.207* (0.0817) |
0.217* (0.0933) |
0.278* (0.112) |
0.270** (0.0968) |
0.246* (0.120) |
| Arthritis | 0.106*** (0.0219) |
0.106*** (0.0198) |
0.108*** (0.0223) |
0.0607* (0.0302) |
0.0414 (0.0294) |
0.0164 (0.0328) |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.175*** (0.0338) |
0.175*** (0.0315) |
0.180*** (0.0349) |
0.109* (0.0428) |
0.0804* (0.0378) |
0.0849 (0.0462) |
| Liver disease | 0.216*** (0.0515) |
0.216*** (0.0470) |
0.222*** (0.0524) |
0.174** (0.0641) |
0.168** (0.0566) |
0.143* (0.0692) |
| Kidney disease | 0.180*** (0.0417) |
0.180*** (0.0374) |
0.182*** (0.0430) |
0.111* (0.0523) |
0.0908 (0.0473) |
0.0939 (0.0562) |
| Stomach/digestive disease | 0.136*** (0.0240) |
0.136*** (0.0214) |
0.139*** (0.0248) |
0.109*** (0.0329) |
0.0443 (0.0301) |
0.0578 (0.0358) |
| Asthma | 0.118* (0.0548) |
0.118* (0.0495) |
0.124* (0.0551) |
0.0748 (0.0718) |
0.0327 (0.0618) |
0.0623 (0.0772) |
| Memory problem | 0.222* (0.0879) |
0.222** (0.0788) |
0.229** (0.0885) |
0.126 (0.102) |
0.0776 (0.0809) |
0.142 (0.109) |
| Smoke now | −0.265*** (0.0236) |
−0.265*** (0.0216) |
−0.261*** (0.0256) |
−0.179*** (0.0356) |
−0.139*** (0.0362) |
−0.216*** (0.0391) |
| Drink alcohol daily or more often | −0.0801** (0.0305) |
−0.0801** (0.0285) |
−0.0789** (0.0306) |
−0.156*** (0.0448) |
−0.114* (0.0473) |
−0.217*** (0.0478) |
| Covariance of random effects | - | −0.00759 (0.0306) |
- | −0.00759 (0.0306) |
||
| N observations | 15,937 | 15,937 | 15,937 | 9373 | 9373 | 9373 |
| N individuals | 9032 | 9032 | 9032 | 6785 | 6785 | 6785 |
Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Abbreviations: TPM, two-part model; RE, random effect; GSEM, generalized structural equation model; GLM, generalized linear model; PHI, private health insurance.