Table 3.
Marginal Effect Estimates Using the Three Different Methods to Implement TPM Estimation
| First Part | Second Part | Total Marginal Effects | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probit with RE Estimated Separately | Probit Without RE estimated Using TPM Routine | Probit with RE Estimated Using GSEM | GLM with RE Estimated Separately | GLM Without RE Estimated Using TPM Routine | GLM with RE Estimated Using GSEM | TPM with RE Estimated Separately | TPM Without RE Estimated Using TPM Routine | TPM with RE Estimated Using GSEM | |
| Having PHI | 0.0699* (0.0272) |
– | 0.0429* (0.0169) |
−0.0265* (0.0133) |
– | −0.0237* (0.00946) |
– | −0.00755 (0.00929) |
−0.0105 (0.00603) |
| Self-reported health fair or above | 0.0724*** (0.00991) |
- | 0.0433*** (0.00649) |
−0.0385*** (0.00528) |
- | −0.0320*** (0.00394) |
- | −0.00844** (0.00282) |
−0.0156*** (0.00246) |
| Living in rural area | −0.00880 (0.00823) |
- | −0.00517 (0.00507) |
0.0173*** (0.00458) |
- | 0.00506 (0.00341) |
- | 0.00856** (0.00265) |
0.00262 (0.00215) |
| Age | 0.00227*** (0.000446) |
- | 0.00137*** (0.000312) |
0.00377*** (0.000280) |
- | 0.00199*** (0.000198) |
- | 0.00203*** (0.000149) |
0.00136*** (0.000128) |
| Annual personal income (in thousand Chinese ¥) | 0.0000850 (0.000171) |
- | 0.0000550 (0.000106) | −0.00107*** (0.000178) |
- | −0.000888*** (0.000127) |
- | −0.000664*** (0.000104) |
−0.000541*** (0.0000789) |
| Ever Had Condition | |||||||||
| High blood pressure | 0.0304*** (0.00917) |
- | 0.0195*** (0.00574) |
0.00687 (0.00486) |
- | 0.001303 (0.00356) |
- | 0.00546* (0.00277) |
0.00267 (0.00226) |
| Diabetes | 0.0647*** (0.0161) |
- | 0.0414*** (0.0101) |
0.0263*** (0.00773) |
- | 0.0152** (0.00562) |
- | 0.0191*** (0.00410) |
0.01330*** (0.00360) |
| Cancer | 0.0965* (0.0390) |
- | 0.0604* (0.0241) |
0.0576** (0.0179) |
- | 0.0347** (0.0129) |
- | 0.0447*** (0.00947) |
0.0272*** (0.00829) |
| Lung disease | 0.0249 (0.0135) |
- | 0.0163* (0.00833) |
0.0114 (0.00697) |
- | 0.00615 (0.00508) |
- | 0.00898* (0.00389) |
0.00535 (0.00322) |
| Heart problem | 0.0460*** (0.0120) |
- | 0.0296*** (0.00755) |
0.0383*** (0.00610) |
- | 0.0246*** (0.00442) |
- | 0.0235*** (0.00317) |
0.0180*** (0.00283) |
| Stroke | 0.0467 (0.0254) |
- | 0.0294 (0.0158) |
0.0208 (0.0123) |
- | 0.0130 (0.00892) |
- | 0.0156* (0.00657) |
0.0108 (0.00569) |
| Psychiatric problem | 0.0780* (0.0350) |
- | 0.0506* (0.0217) |
0.0404* (0.0163) |
- | 0.0242* (0.0118) | - | 0.0320*** (0.00883) |
0.0197** (0.00754) |
| Arthritis | 0.0400*** (0.00828) |
- | 0.0252*** (0.00516) |
0.00882* (0.00441) |
- | 0.00162 (0.00322) |
- | 0.00857*** (0.00257) |
0.00341 (0.00204) |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.0660*** (0.0128) |
- | 0.0419*** (0.00808) |
0.0158* (0.00624) |
- | 0.00835 (0.00454) |
- | 0.0151*** (0.00343) |
0.00915** (0.00290) |
| Liver disease | 0.0815*** (0.0195) |
- | 0.0516*** (0.0121) |
0.0253** (0.00935) |
- | 0.0141* (0.00680) |
- | 0.0243*** (0.00514) |
0.01360** (0.00435) |
| Kidney disease | 0.0682*** (0.0158) |
- | 0.0424*** (0.00995) |
0.0162* (0.00762) |
- | 0.00923 (0.00552) |
- | 0.0162*** (0.00425) |
0.00974** (0.00353) |
| Stomach/digestive disease | 0.0516*** (0.00909) |
- | 0.0325*** (0.00572) |
0.0159*** (0.00481) |
- | 0.00568 (0.00351) |
- | 0.0103*** (0.00264) |
0.00661** (0.00222) |
| Asthma | 0.0445* (0.0207) |
- | 0.0288* (0.0128) |
0.0109 (0.0104) |
- | 0.00613 (0.00759) |
- | 0.00846 (0.00556) |
0.00653 (0.00482) |
| Memory problem | 0.0840* (0.0332) |
- | 0.0533** (0.0206) |
0.0183 (0.0149) |
- | 0.0140 (0.0107) |
- | 0.0172* (0.00761) |
0.0137* (0.00688) |
| Smoke now | −0.100*** (0.00896) |
- | −0.0609*** (0.00580) |
−0.0260*** (0.00523) |
- | −0.0212*** (0.00384) |
- | −0.0243*** (0.00312) |
−0.0190*** (0.00245) |
| Drink alcohol daily or more often | −0.0303** (0.0115) |
- | −0.01838** (0.00711) |
−0.0227*** (0.00654) |
- | −0.0214*** (0.00473) |
- | −0.0132** (0.00408) |
−0.0149*** (0.00300) |
Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Abbreviations: TPM, two-part model; RE, random effect; GSEM, generalized structural equation model; GLM, generalized linear model; PHI, private health insurance.