Table 1.

Screening and Diagnostic Tests for BED

Questionnaire	Screening Questions	Considerations for Use	Citation
Brief Screens
SCOFF questionnaire	Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? Do you worry you have lost Control over how much you eat? Have you recently lost more than One stone in a 3 month period? Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin? Would you say that Food dominates your life?	Validated using a cutoff value of ≥2 positive responses	Morgan et al79
Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP)	Are you satisfied with your eating patterns? Do you ever eat in secret? Does your weight affect the way you feel about yourself? Do you currently suffer with or have you ever suffered in the past with an eating disorder?	Validated using a cutoff value of ≥2 positive responses	Cotton et al83
Screen for Disordered Eating (SDE)	Do you often feel the desire to eat when you are emotionally upset or stressed? Do you often feel that you cannot control what or how much you eat? Do you sometimes make yourself throw up (vomit) to control your weight? Are you often preoccupied with a desire to be thinner? Do you believe yourself to be fat when others say you are thin?	Validated using a cutoff value of ≥2 positive responses	Maguen et al84
Extensive Screening
Binge Eating Scale (BES)	16 questions, assessing behavioral manifestations and emotional impacts of binge eating	Created for use with obesity or overweight,86 but validated in adolescents87 and bariatric surgery candidates88–90	Gormally et al85
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)	28 questions, assessing: restraint, eating concern, shape concern, and weight concern	Adapted from the frequently used Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), structured clinical interview	Fairburn et al93
Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5)	26 questions, assessing demographic information and disordered eating behaviors over the last 3 months	Most studies testing its validity utilized previously revised version (QEWP-R)	Spitzer et al105 Yanovski et al107
Diagnostic Tests
Eating Disorder Examination (EDE)	Clinician administered version of EDE-Q assessing the primary domains of: restraint, eating concern, shape concern, and weight concern	Specific to eating disorder diagnosis, assessing severity and frequency of disordered eating behaviors over the last month	Cooper and Fairburn92
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5)	Clinician administered, systematic evaluation which closely adheres to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria	General to a wide array of DSM-5 disorders, with one specific domain applicable to eating disorder pathology	Spitzer et al116