Table 1.
Kindergarten Study Population and Primary Study Outcomes
| Total n=5882 |
Informal care n=975 |
Public Pre-K n=2828 |
Head Start n=839 |
Public Pre-K & Head Start n=247 |
Private Preschoo 1 n=993 |
ANOVA χ2 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, sd) | 5.5 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.3) | ** |
| % male | 50.4 | 51.7 | 49.6 | 52.4 | 51.8 | 49.2 | ns |
| % FARM | 78.7 | 81.9 | 80.4 | 86.1 | 87.6 | 62.3 | *** |
| % Special Education | 9.2 | 8.7 | 9.7 | 11.6 | 14.6 | 5.0 | *** |
| Race & Ethnicity | |||||||
| % African American | 85.8 | 82.1 | 87.3 | 90.6 | 94.3 | 79.1 | *** |
| % White non-Hispanic | 8.8 | 12.0 | 7.1 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 16.4 | |
| % Hispanic (any race) | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 1.2 | 2.9 | |
| % LEP | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 2.8 | ** |
| % Chronically absent (K) | 17.6 | 28.5 | 15.5 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 14.4 | *** |
| n=5657 | n=975 | n=2662 | n=794 | n=236 | n=990 | ||
| % K ready - Composite | 57.3 | 39.0 | 64.1 | 51.6 | 67.0 | 59.6 | *** |
| n=3987 | n=553 | n=1981 | n=587 | n=176 | n=690 | ||
| % Reading at 3rd grade level | 72.1 | 66.9 | 72.7 | 70.0 | 70.5 | 76.5 | ** |
| n=3989 | n=552 | n=1982 | n=587 | n=177 | n=691 | *** | |
| % Math at 3rd grade level | 76.8 | 70.8 | 73.1 | 73.1 | 75.7 | 81.0 | |
| n=4871 | n=788 | n=2373 | n=723 | n=207 | n=780 | ||
| % Grade retention (by 3rd) | 14.8 | 26.8 | 12.4 | 16.5 | 11.1 | 9.2 | *** |
ANOVA and χ2 test
*
P≤.05
**
P≤.01
***
P≤.001
FARM Free and Reduced Meals, K Kindergarten, LEP Limited English Proficiency