Table 3.
Association between most recent source of prescription opioids for misuse and prescription opioid use disorder among past-year prescription opioid misusers, by sex and age
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Males | Overall (n=2,882) | 12–17 years (n=400)* | 18–25 years (n=1,092) | 26+ years (n=1,390) |
| Most recent source of prescription opioids for misuse: | ||||
| From ≥ one doctor | 3.78 (2.43–5.89) | 1.58 (0.18–13.91) | 3.33 (1.82–6.08) | 4.30 (2.54–7.27) |
| From friends/relatives for free† | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bought from friends/relatives | 2.17 (1.31–3.61) | 8.14 (1.23–53.89)‡ | 3.07 (1.10–8.54) | 1.95 (1.03–3.70) |
| Took from friends/relatives without asking | 1.64 (0.76–3.52) | 1.81 (0.38–8.75) | 2.06 (0.69–6.10) | 1.62 (0.42–6.19) |
| Bought from drug dealers/strangers | 6.22 (3.81–10.16) | 1.29 (0.35–4.71) | 4.37 (2.12–9.02) | 8.77 (4.09–18.83) |
| Othera | 0.91 (0.42–1.99) | 1.07 (0.11–10.70) | 2.27 (0.91–5.65) | 0.66 (0.21–2.08) |
| Females | Overall (n=2,735) | 12–17 (n=496) | 18–25 (n=987) | 26+ (n=1,252) |
| Most recent source of prescription opioids for misuse: | ||||
| From ≥ one doctor | 1.89 (1.25–2.86) | 1.01 (0.40–2.53) | 1.14 (0.66–1.97) | 2.44 (1.34–4.45) |
| From friends/relatives for free† | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bought from friends/relatives | 1.68 (0.97–2.89) | 1.13 (0.43–2.94) | 2.35 (1.13–4.92) | 1.41 (0.48–4.22) |
| Took from friends/relatives without asking | 1.88 (0.74–4.80) | 1.60 (0.50–5.11) | 1.37 (0.49–3.84) | 2.49 (0.56–11.11) |
| Bought from drug dealers/strangers | 5.56 (2.81–11.02) | 0.78 (0.24–2.51) | 2.06 (0.71–5.99) | 12.68 (3.95–40.67)‡ |
| Othera | 2.01 (0.99–4.08) | 2.30 (0.87–6.06) | 0.84 (0.23–3.10) | 2.14 (0.67–6.77) |
Note. Each logistic regression was adjusted for race/ethnicity, family income, population density, health insurance, self-rated overall health, past-year major depressive episode, frequency of prescription opioid misuse in the past month, past-year initiation of prescription opioid misuse, past-year alcohol use disorder, past-year heroin use disorder, past-year any drug use disorder other than opioid (prescription opioids or heroin) use disorder, and survey year.
All results are weighted estimates, except for sample size (unweighted).
OR= Odds Ratio; CI= Confidence Interval; Boldface: p<0.05.
Reference group
The results should be interpreted with caution due to a wide confidence interval.
The results for those aged 12–17 years are limited by the sample size.
Other source includes stolen from doctor office/clinic/hospital/pharmacy and some other way