Table 2.
Regression-adjusted associations of home health and nursing home CON laws with annual total variable costs, total number of unique patients and variable costs per unique patient
| Predicted value for outcome in the hypothetical scenario with: |
Total Variable Costs (N=55,315) |
Total Number of Unique Patients (N=55,318) |
Variable Costs Per Unique Patient (N=55,254) |
|---|---|---|---|
| a) No CON | $1,538,536 | 371 | $5,292 |
| b) HH CON only | $2,975,698 | 928 | $4,072 |
| c) NH CON only | $1,768,097 | 449 | $5,021 |
| d) Both HH CON and NH CON | $3,511,277 | 932 | $4,857 |
| Key comparisons: | |||
| Effect of both laws vs. no CON (d – a) |
$1,972,741 χ2 = 383.03 (p≤.001) |
561 χ2 = 399.40 (p≤.001) |
−$434 χ2 = 44.05 (p≤.001) |
| Effect of HH CON when NH CON = 0 (b – a) |
$1,437,161 χ2 = 21.32 (p≤.001) |
557 χ2 = 29.35 (p≤.001) |
−$1,220 χ2 = 133.38 (p≤.001) |
| Effect of HH CON when NH CON = 1 (d – c) |
$1,743,180 χ2 = 300.06 (p≤.001) |
483 χ2 = 295.67 (p≤.001) |
−$163 χ2 = 6.71 (p≤.001) |
| Effect of NH CON only when HH CON = 0 (c – a) |
$229,561 χ2 = 62.80 (p≤.001) |
78 χ2 = 87.68 (p≤.001) |
−$271 χ2 = 41.70 (p≤.001) |
| Effect of NH CON when HH CON = 1 (d – b) | $535,579 χ2 = 2.79 (p=.09) |
4 χ2 = 0.00 (p=.97) |
$786 χ2 = 51.04 (p≤.001) |
| Difference in effect of NH CON when HH CON = 1 vs. 0* | $306,019 χ2 = 0.90 (p=.34) |
−74 χ2 = 0.50 (p=.48) |
$1,056 χ2 = 80.50 (p≤.001) |
Notes: Comparisons in bold italics are statistically significant at p≤.001. Sample excludes outliers (observations in the top and bottom decile). Estimates obtained using generalized linear models with log link and random effects for home health agency. Stata bases the χ2 statistics and p-values for the marginal differences on first-order Taylor series expansions. Regressions also control for the percent of rural residents in the HHA’s market area; percent of patients on Medicare; the proportions of the year when the agency was small (as defined by Medicare), part of a chain and/or not-for-profit; the proportions of the year the agency had contracts for skilled nursing, HH aides and physical, occupational and speech therapy; whether the agency had changed ownership; year of observation; indicators for the decile of average case-mix index in the observation year; and average agency wage index.
The difference in the effect of HH CON when NH CON = 1 vs. 0 is the same as the difference in the effect of NH CON when HH CON = 1 vs. 0 [(a + d) − (b + c)].