Table 2:
Trends in nutritional biomarkers over five years after gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy surgery in adolescents.
| Baseline | 6 months | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | P-value for comparison of values between visits† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutritional biomarker | Median* | Median* | Median* | Median* | Media* | Median* | Median* | Baseline to 1y | 1y to 5y linear trend | Baseline to 5y |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 52.9 (45.8, 59.9) N=161 |
39.4 (32.8, 46.3) N=143 |
35.8 (30.6, 42.7) N=144 |
35.5 (30.5, 44.0) N=135 |
36.4 (30.4, 44.9) N=130 |
37.5 (31.6, 43.2) N=129 |
39.0 (32.0, 48.2) N=134 |
<0.0001 | 0.002 | <0.0001 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 48.0 (45.1, 52.9) N=65 |
35.8 (32.5, 39.7) N=53 |
33.7 (29.7, 37.7) N=58 |
33.7 (29.3, 38.1) N=51 |
34.7 (29.5, 40.3) N=45 |
34.7 (30.9, 39.8) N=51 |
37.0 (32.1, 40.8) N=49 |
<0.0001 | 0.008 | <0.0001 |
| Ferritin (ug/L) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 39.0 (24.5, 72.0) N=160 |
27.0 (15.0, 48.5) N=136 |
18.5 (9.0, 31.0) N=142 |
9.0 (6.0, 20.0) N=132 |
8.0 (4.0, 16.0) N=129 |
7.0 (4.0, 15.0) N=120 |
6.0 (4.0, 13.0) N=122 |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 30.0 (18.0, 52.0) N=63 |
36.0 (15.5, 60.0) N=52 |
27.0 (12.0, 54.0) N=55 |
23.0 (9.0, 37.0) N=49 |
18.0 (9.0, 33.5) N=44 |
14.0 (6.0, 37.0) N=49 |
12.0 (7.0, 29.0) N=42 |
ns 0.98 |
0.0002 | 0.002 |
| Transferrin (mg/mL) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 266 (245, 290) N=160 |
280 (250, 302) N=136 |
284 (257, 329) N=142 |
308 (278, 350) N=132 |
326 (292, 362) N=129 |
332 (298, 372) N=120 |
330 (307, 367) N=122 |
0.0008 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 274 (242, 307) N=63 |
263 (233, 305) N=51 |
277 (239, 308) N=55 |
277 (249, 314) N=49 |
281 (250, 324) N=44 |
291 (267, 324) N=49 |
304 (266, 345) N=42 |
ns 0.99 |
0.0006 | ns 0.09 |
| Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 411 (305, 571) N=159 |
356 (262, 537) N=136 |
318 (207, 519) N=142 |
282 (198, 426) N=132 |
286 (188, 387) N=129 |
251 (174, 408) N=120 |
268 (183, 390) N=122 |
ns 0.06 |
0.01 | <0.0001 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 525 (382, 722) N=63 |
417 (268, 517) N=52 |
330 (233, 497) N=55 |
384 (238, 527) N=49 |
378 (240, 504) N=44 |
336 (245, 484) N=49 |
396 (267, 579) N=42 |
0.004 | ns 0.41 |
ns 0.35 |
| Vitamin B1 (erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 1.0 (1.0, 1.07) N=154 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.06) N=133 |
1.01 (1.00, 1.08) N=137 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.07) N=126 |
1.01 (1.00, 1.08) N=127 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.09) N=116 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.05) N=113 |
ns 0.67 |
0.04 | ns 0.99 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 1.00 (1.00, 1.07) N=61 |
1.02 (1.00, 1.12) N=51 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.10) N=56 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.08) N=48 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.10) N=44 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.04) N=43 |
1.00 (1.00, 1.04) N=39 |
ns 0.99 |
ns 0.07 |
ns 0.83 |
| Folate (ug/mL) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 14.2 (10.7, 18.9) N=158 |
11.2 (6.9, 17.4) N=136 |
13.2 (8.2, 18.9) N=142 |
13.7 (9.9, 17.8) N=131 |
14.2 (10.4, 20.0) N=129 |
15.0 (11.8, 22.0) N=120 |
17.0 (11.9, 22.0) N=122 |
ns 0.60 |
<0.0001 | 0.03 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 17.4 (11.7, 20.0) N=62 |
11.6 (6.8, 18.4) N=52 |
11.2 (6.3, 20.0) N=54 |
13.0 (9.3, 20.4) N=49 |
11.8 (9.5, 22.0) N=44 |
14.1 (9.8, 21.4) N=48 |
13.6 (9.7, 17.9) N=42 |
0.03 | ns 0.12 |
ns 0.75 |
| Vitamin A (ug/L) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 430 (370, 515) N=158 |
382 (313, 466) N=134 |
400 (327, 487) N=142 |
402 (330, 507) N=131 |
393 (331, 488) N=127 |
396 (312, 484) N=120 |
386 (336, 479) N=121 |
ns 0.85 |
ns 0.31 |
ns 0.38 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 436 (369, 508) N=61 |
398 (362, 505) N=50 |
422 (370, 474) N=55 |
419 (362, 487) N=48 |
429 (362, 512) N=44 |
425 (361, 500) N=49 |
453 (393, 520) N=43 |
ns 0.99 |
ns 0.58 |
ns 0.99 |
| 25-OH Vitamin D (ng/mL) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 21.4 (15.5, 28.0) N=159 |
24.8 (17.4, 32.2) N=134 |
23.4 (17.0, 31.4) N=142 |
20.5 (14.0, 29.6) N=131 |
20.2 (13.1, 26.8) N=129 |
19.3 (13.6, 28.4) N=120 |
19.7 (12.5, 27.6) N=119 |
ns 0.22 |
0.02 | ns 1.00 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 25.0 (21.2, 32.7) [N=62 |
26.6 (22.2, 36.3) N=51 |
27.1 (20.2, 35.8) N=55 |
23.0 (17.7, 29.4) N=49 |
22.8 (18.3, 28.6) [N=44 |
22.6 (17.8, 25.8) N=48 |
23.2 (16.9, 29.1) N=42 |
ns 0.99 |
0.008 | ns 0.41 |
| PTH (pg/mL) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 44.0 (34.0, 63.0) N=159 |
41.0 (32.0, 50.0) N=135 |
46.0 (34.0, 58.0) N=142 |
51.0 (41.0, 65.0) N=131 |
54.0 (41.0, 72.0) N=129 |
57.0 (40.0, 75.0) N=118 |
59.0 (44.0, 72.0) N=122 |
ns 0.99 |
<0.0001 | 0.0002 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 37.5 (27.0, 47.0) N=62 |
31.0 (25.0, 37.0) N=62 |
32.0 (28.0, 52.0) N=55 |
37.0 (30.0, 43.0) N=49 |
33.5 (27.5, 44.5) N=44 |
40.0 (29.0, 53.0) N=47 |
37.0 (32.0, 45.0) N=41 |
ns 0.99 |
ns 0.52 |
ns 0.94 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 4.1 (3.9, 4.3) N=160 |
4.2 (4.0, 4.4) N=138 |
4.2 (4.0, 4.4) N=142 |
4.3 (4.1, 4.5) N=133 |
4.3 (4.1, 4.5) N=128 |
4.2 (4.0, 4.5) N=122 |
4.2 (4.1, 4.4) N=122 |
0.003 | ns 0.76 |
0.03 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 4.3 (4.0, 4.5) [N=63 |
4.3 (4.1, 4.5) N=52 |
4.3 (4.1, 4.6) N=55 |
4.4 (4.1, 4.5) N=49 |
4.2 (4.0, 4.4) N=44 |
4.3 (4.1, 4.5) N=49 |
4.3 (4.0, 4.6) N=44 |
ns 0.98 |
ns 0.11 |
ns 1.00 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | ||||||||||
| Gastric Bypass | 0.65 (0.32, 1.20) N=160 |
0.22 (0.08, 0.55) N=137 |
0.09 (0.04, 0.29) N=142 |
0.06 (0.03, 0.24) N=131 |
0.08 (0.03, 0.19) N=129 |
0.07 (0.02, 0.38) N=121 |
0.12 (0.05, 0.36) N=121 |
<0.0001 | ns 0.40 |
<0.0001 |
| Sleeve Gastrectomy | 0.45 (0.19, 0.85) N=63 |
0.14 (0.06, 0.47) N=52 |
0.09 (0.03, 0.45) N=55 |
0.05 (0.03, 0.12) N=49 |
0.16 (0.04, 0.50) N=44 |
0.11 (0.04, 0.34) [N=49 |
0.09 (0.05, 0.63) N=43 |
0.001 | ns 0.06 |
0.01 |
*
Median (25th, 75th percentile)
†
P-values are from generalized linear mixed models performed using log transformed (ferritin, B12, PTH, hs-CRP) or untransformed data (all others). Tukey-Kramer adjustment used when testing differences between baseline and year 1 and baseline and year 5 time-points. A linear model was fitted to test for trend between year 1 and year 5.