Table 3.
Demographic, Physical Growth, Cardinal FAS Features, Other Minor Anomalies, and Total Dysmorphology Scores from a Midwestern City: 2010–2014
| Children with FAS (n=11) |
Children with PFAS (n=23) |
Children with ARND (n=10) |
Randomly-Selected Control Children (n=521) |
Test-score | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth and Cardinal Features | ||||||||||
| Sex (% Male) | 36.4 | 60.9 | 40.0 | 52.6 | χ2=2.420 | .490 | ||||
| Current Age (in months) – Mean (SD) | 82.4 | (6.5) | 84.7 | (4.1) | 82.3 | (4.9) | 81.8 | (4.8) | F=2.792 | .040E |
| Height Percentile – Mean (SD) | 7.0 | (6.3) | 32.3 | (28.3) | 56.5 | (35.6) | 60.3 | (27.6) | F=20.514 | <.001A,B,C,E |
| Weight Percentile – Mean (SD) | 13.7 | (11.5) | 34.2 | (25.0) | 42.3 | (31.0) | 61.2 | (27.0) | F=19.476 | <.001A,C,E |
| Child’s BMI Percentage – Mean (SD) | 40.3 | (34.7) | 44.6 | (28.6) | 28.6 | (27.5) | 58.6 | (27.7) | F=6.854 | <.001F |
| Occipitofrontal Circumference (OFC) Percentile – Mean (SD) | 3.1 | (3.1) | 38.7 | (24.9) | 32.4 | (35.3) | 65.0 | (27.3) | F=29.051 | <.001A,C,E |
| OFC centile ≤3rd centile | 63.6 | 13.0 | 30.0 | 0.8 | χ2=180.414 | <.001 | ||||
| OFC centile ≤10th centile | 100.0 | 21.7 | 40.0 | 4.8 | χ2=154.190 | <.001 | ||||
| Palpebral Fissure Length (PFL) Percentile – Mean (SD) | 10.9 | (14.4) | 12.2 | (12.5) | 22.3 | (11.5) | 29.1 | (16.0) | F=13.365 | <.001C,E |
| PFL centile ≤3rd centile | 36.4 | 39.1 | 10.0 | 5.4 | χ2=50.268 | <.001 | ||||
| PFL centile ≤10th centile | 72.7 | 56.5 | 10.0 | 10.7 | χ2=71.575 | <.001 | ||||
| Smooth Philtrum (% Yes) | 90.9 | 87.0 | 30.0 | 14.0 | χ2=116.289 | <.001 | ||||
| Narrow Vermilion (% Yes) | 81.8 | 82.6 | 10.0 | 17.9 | χ2=79.246 | <.001 | ||||
| Other Minor Anomalies | ||||||||||
| Maxillary Arc (in cm) – Mean (SD) | 23.2 | (1.2) | 24.1 | (.8) | 24.2 | (1.2) | 24.8 | (1.0) | F=12.326 | <.001C,E |
| Mandibular Arc (in cm) – Mean (SD) | 23.7 | (1.3) | 25.1 | (.8) | 25.0 | (1.3) | 25.9 | (1.2) | F=14.703 | <.001A,C,E |
| Hypoplastic midface (% Yes) | 54.5 | 47.8 | 50.0 | 25.0 | χ2=13.116 | .004 | ||||
| Camptodactyly (% Yes) | 18.2 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 2.3 | χ2=13.226 | .004 | ||||
| Other aberrant palmar creases (% Yes) | 9.1 | 17.4 | 10.0 | 2.1 | χ2=20.810 | <.001 | ||||
| Heart malformations (% Yes) | 0.0 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | χ2=10.863 | .012 | ||||
| Total Dysmorphology Score – Mean (SD) |
16.7 | (3.0) | 11.8 | (3.6) | 6.1 | (4.3) | 4.2 | (2.9) | F=111.075 | <.001A,B,C,D,E |
Post-hoc significant difference between:
A.
FAS & PFAS;
B.
FAS & ARND;
C.
FAS & Controls;
D.
PFAS & ARND;
E.
PFAS & Controls;
F.
ARND & Controls.
Bonferroni adjusted significance level for Growth and Cardinal Features = 0.005; for other minor anomalies = 0.007