Table 3.
Physical Growth, Cardinal FAS Features, Other Minor Anomalies, and Total Dysmorphology Scores for Two Samples from a Rocky Mountain Region: 2012-2014
| Children with FAS (n=4) |
Children with PFAS (n=22) |
Children with ARND (n=12) |
Randomly- Selected Control Children (n=278) |
Test-score | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth and Cardinal Features | ||||||
| Sex (% Male) | 75.0 | 50.0 | 75.0 | 50.4 | χ2=3.702 | .296 |
| Current Age (in months) – Mean (SD) | 83.3 (6.6) | 84.5 (7.2) | 85.5 (6.2) | 82.8 (5.1) | F=1.630 | .182 |
| Height Percentile – Mean (SD) | 10.0 (12.3) | 33.1 (22.4) | 59.6 (34.3) | 52.5 (27.1) | F=6.986 | <.001B,C,E |
| Weight Percentile – Mean (SD) | 5.5 (4.2) | 40.4 (26.2) | 63.5 (33.2) | 58.4 (27.1) | F=8.046 | <.001A,B,C,E |
| Child's BMI Percentile – Mean (SD) | 24.0 (13.9) | 51.0 (30.2) | 65.3 (27.0) | 60.4 (27.2) | F=3.235 | .023B,C |
| Occipitofrontal Circumference (OFC) Percentile – Mean (SD) | 4.5 (3.9) | 32.7 (24.5) | 63.5 (27.3) | 59.8 (27.3) | F=12.186 | <.001A,B,C,D,E |
| OFC ≤3rd centile | 50.0 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 1.8 | χ2=37.805 | <.001 |
| OFC ≤10th centile | 100.0 | 31.8 | 0.0 | 5.4 | χ2=64.859 | <.001 |
| Palpebral Fissure Length (PFL) Percentile – Mean (SD) | 9.8 (13.6) | 14.2 (15.8) | 33.3 (15.8) | 30.6 (16.3) | F=9.119 | <.001D,E |
| PFL ≤3rd centile | 25.0 | 31.8 | 0.0 | 5.1 | χ2=25.373 | <.001 |
| PFL ≤10th centile | 75.0 | 54.5 | 0.0 | 9.0 | χ2=53.874 | <.001 |
| Smooth Philtrum (% Yes) | 50.0 | 81.8 | 8.3 | 15.5 | χ2=58.817 | <.001 |
| Narrow Vermilion (% Yes) | 75.0 | 81.8 | 16.7 | 21.2 | χ2=44.514 | <.001 |
| Other Minor Anomalies | ||||||
| Inner Pupillary Distance (IPD) Percentile – Mean (SD) | 21.5 (18.5) | 48.7 (25.5) | 56.7 (24.5) | 58.5 (24.6) | F=3.923 | .009 |
| Outer Canthal Distance (OCD) Percentile – Mean (SD) | 9.0 (7.6) | 22.0 (16.2) | 35.7 (21.5) | 36.8 (19.4) | F=6.609 | <.001B,C,E |
| Maxillary Arc (in cm) – Mean (SD) | 23.7 (0.4) | 24.4 (0.9) | 25.4 (1.4) | 24.7 (1.1) | F=3.520 | .015 B,C |
| Mandibular Arc (in cm) – Mean (SD) | 24.3 (0.4) | 25.6 (1.0) | 26.7 (1.7) | 25.8 (1.2) | F=4.441 | .005A,B,C |
| Strabismus (% Yes) | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | χ2=14.670 | .002 |
| Hypoplastic Nails (% Yes) | 0.0 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | χ2=13.406 | .004 |
| Total Dysmorphology Score – Mean (SD) | 14.0 (2.7) | 10.0 (3.1) | 3.3 (2.9) | 3.6 (3.1) | F=42.880 | <.001B,C,D,E |
Post-hoc significant difference between:
A.
FAS & PFAS
B.
FAS & ARND
C.
FAS & Controls
D.
PFAS & ARND
E.
PFAS & Controls
F.
ARND & Controls.
**
Bonferroni adjusted significance level for Growth and Cardinal Features = 0.005; for other minor anomalies = .007