Table 4.
Neurobehavioral Findings Among Children with FASD and Randomly-Selected Controls from a Rocky Mountain Region City
| Children with FAS (n=38) |
Randomly- Selected Control Children (n=273) |
t-test | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean(SD) | Mean(SD) | |||
| Intellectual Domain | (n=38) | (n=273) | ||
| General Abilities Percentile | 44.7 (30.8) | 59.7 (24.5) | −2.887 | .006** |
| Verbal Cluster Percentile | 49.3 (33.1) | 58.6 (25.7) | −1.654 | .105 |
| Nonverbal Reasoning Cluster Percentile | 43.1 (28.1) | 56.0 (26.4) | −2.792 | .006** |
| Spatial Cluster Percentile | 41.8 (25.7) | 57.9 (23.8) | −3.871 | <.001** |
| Executive Function | (n=38) | (n=273) | ||
| INN (Naming) combined scaled score | 8.2 (4.2) | 10.2 (3.3) | −3.415 | .001** |
| INN vs. INI Contrast Scaled Score | 9.0 (3.4) | 9.7 (3.3) | −3.415 | .001** |
| INI (Inhibition) combined scaled score | 8.3 (3.7) | 9.8 (3.3) | −1.314 | .190 |
| INS (Switching) combined scaled score | 7.3 (4.5) | 7.9 (3.8) | −0.737 | .462 |
| Speeded Naming Combined scaled score | 8.2 (3.2) | 10.0 (3.0) | −3.272 | .003** |
| Learning1 | (n=35) | (n=268) | ||
| BBCS School Readiness Composite Scaled Score | 11.1 (3.3) | 12.4 (2.0) | 2.330 | .025** |
| BBCS Readiness Composite Standard Score | 105.4 (16.2) | 111.8 (9.8) | −2.294 | .027** |
| Visual Spatial | (n=38) | (n=273) | ||
| VMI Standard Score | 91.8 (13.2) | 97.9 (7.1) | −2.748 | .009** |
| Visuomotor Precision Combined scaled score | 8.6 (3.4) | 10.3 (3.7) | −2.610 | .009** |
| Mood Regulation2 | ||||
| CBCL Anxious/depressed t-score | 55.9 (7.6) | 52.5 (4.7) | 2.544 | .015* |
| TRF Anxious/depressed t-score | 56.5 (7.2) | 52.8 (5.4) | 3.759 | <.001** |
| CBCL Withdrawn/depressed t-score | 57.7 (9.3) | 52.6 (4.1) | 3.137 | .003** |
| TRF Withdrawn/depressed t-score | 55.8 (5.5) | 53.0 (5.7) | 2.921 | .005* |
| CBCL Internalizing Problems t-score | 53.1 (13.3) | 47.5 (9.3) | 2.391 | .022* |
| TRF Internalizing Problems t-score | 54.1 (10.3) | 46.7 (9.2) | 4.578 | <.001** |
| CBCL Externalizing Problems t-score | 53.1 (14.0) | 47.4 (8.9) | 2.318 | .026* |
| TRF Externalizing Problems t-score | 56.0 (11.9) | 50.2 (8.8) | 2.906 | .006* |
| CBCL Affective problems t-score | 57.8 (8.3) | 52.5 (4.3) | 3.661 | <.001** |
| TRF Affective problems t-score | 57.9 (8.3) | 52.6 (5.4) | 3.847 | <.001** |
| CBCL Anxiety problems t-score | 56.6 (8.1) | 52.5 (4.8) | 2.956 | .005* |
| TRF Anxiety problems t-score | 57.7 (7.7) | 53.2 (5.6) | 3.475 | .001** |
| Attention2 | ||||
| CBCL Attention problems t-score | 59.5 (10.5) | 53.8 (6.4) | 3.095 | .004** |
| TRF Attention problems t-score | 59.8 (9.6) | 54.0 (6.1) | 3.595 | .001** |
| CBCL Attention deficit/hyperactivity problems t-score | 57.7 (7.7) | 53.3 (5.5) | 3.214 | .003** |
| TRF Attention deficit/hyperactivity problems t-score | 59.9 (9.9) | 54.6 (6.6) | 3.224 | .002** |
| Impulse Control2 | ||||
| CBCL Rule-breaking behavior t-score | 55.9 (7.0) | 52.9 (4.5) | 2.458 | .018* |
| TRF Rule-breaking behavior t-score | 56.7 (7.5) | 53.3 (5.5) | 2.684 | .010* |
| CBCL Aggressive behavior t-score | 58.9 (10.6) | 52.7 (4.9) | 3.361 | .002** |
| TRF Aggressive behavior t-score | 59.1 (11.6) | 53.9 (6.5) | 2.655 | .011* |
| CBCL Oppositional defiant problems t-score | 58.1 (8.8) | 54.0 (5.3) | 2.662 | .011* |
| TRF Oppositional defiant problems t-score | 57.6 (9.3) | 53.8 (6.3) | 2.399 | .021* |
| CBCL Conduct problems t-score | 57.1 (8.8) | 52.9 (5.2) | 2.749 | .009* |
| TRF Conduct problems t-score | 57.3 (10.0) | 53.2 (5.8) | 2.503 | .016* |
| Adaptive Function3 | ||||
| Vineland (Parent) VABS Communication Standard Score | 99.8 (17.0) | 113.8 (25.6) | −3.112 | .002** |
| Vineland (Teacher) VABS Communication Standard Score | 94.4 (18.8) | 103.5 (14.1) | −3.536 | <.001** |
| Vineland (Parent) VABS Daily Living Skills Standard Score | 104.3 (16.4) | 108.5 (14.4) | −1.553 | .122 |
| Vineland (Teacher) VABS Daily Living Skills Standard Score | 95.2 (20.7) | 104.9 (16.6) | −3.219 | .001** |
| Vineland (Parent) VABS Socialization Standard Score | 99.6 (16.9) | 108.4 (14.6) | −3.202 | .002** |
| Vineland (Teacher) VABS Socialization Standard Score | 93.7 (13.6) | 103.6 (15.4) | −3.773 | <.001** |
1.
Children less than 7 at time evaluation did not complete a BRACKEN.
2.
For CBCL: n=35 for FASD; n=195 for Controls. For TRF: n=38 for FASD; n=269 for Controls.
3.
For Vineland (Parent): n=35 for FASD; n=194 for Controls. For Vineland (Teacher): n=38 for FASD; n=262 for Controls.
*
Significant at 0.05
**
Significant at Bonferroni-adjusted level: Intellectual: 0.0125; Executive Function: 0.01; Learning: 0.025; Visual Spatial: 0.025; Mood Regulation: 0.004; Attention: 0.0125; Impulse Control: 0.006; Adaptive Function: 0.008