Table 5.
Proximal Maternal Risk Factors for FASD: Combined Sample Data for Physical, Demographic, Childbearing, Alcohol and Drug Use from a Rocky Mountain Region City
| Children with FASD (n=35) |
Randomly-Selected Control Children (n=197) |
χ2 or t-test |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Alcohol Use – Before and During Pregnancy | ||||
| Drank before pregnancy (% Yes) | 78.1 | 60.3 | 3.719 | .054 |
| # of drinks consumed on usual drinking day before pregnancy1 | 5.3 (3.1) | 3.2 (2.6) | 3.510 | .001** |
| Mdn = 4.0 | Mdn = 2.0 | - | - | |
| Usual frequency – before pregnancy1 | ||||
| Everyday or almost everyday | 8.0 | 4.3 | ||
| 3-4 times per week | 16.0 | 2.2 | ||
| 1-2 times per week | 48.0 | 39.2 | ||
| 2-3 times per month | 16.0 | 15.2 | ||
| 1 time per month or less | 12.0 | 39.1 | 7.928 | .094 |
| Drank in 1st trimester (% Yes) | 18.2 | 6.3 | 5.335 | .033A,* |
| # of drinks on usual drinking day1 −1st | 4.1 (2.0) | 2.5 (2.2) | 1.341 | .201 |
| Usual frequency1 – 1st | ||||
| Everyday or almost everyday | 0.0 | 9.1 | ||
| 3-4 times per week | 0.0 | 9.1 | ||
| 1-2 times per week | 0.0 | 18.2 | ||
| 2-3 times per month | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| 1 time per month or less | 100.0 | 63.6 | 3.955 | .683 |
| Drank in 2nd trimester (% Yes) | 15.2 | 3.7 | 7.262 | .019A,* |
| # of drinks on usual drinking day1 - 2nd | 5.3 (2.9) | 1.2 (0.6) | 2.451 | .130 |
| Usual frequency1 – 2nd | ||||
| Everyday or almost everyday | 0.0 | 14.3 | ||
| 3-4 times per week | 0.0 | 14.3 | ||
| 1-2 times per week | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| 2-3 times per month | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| 1 time per month or less | 100.0 | 71.4 | 5.102 | .531 |
| Drank in 3rd trimester (% Yes) | 6.1 | 3.2 | .685 | .337A |
| # of drinks on usual drinking day1 - 3rd | -- -- | 1.1 (0.5) | -- | -- |
| Usual frequency1 – 3rd | 0.0 | |||
| Everyday or almost everyday | 16.7 | |||
| 3-4 times per week | 0.0 | |||
| 1-2 times per week | 0.0 | |||
| 2-3 times per month | 0.0 | |||
| 1 time per month or less | -- | 0.0 | -- | -- |
| Alcohol Use - Current | ||||
| Drink in past 30 days (% Yes) | 64.5 | 69.0 | .249 | .618 |
| Binge 5+ in past month (% Yes) | 29.0 | 27.7 | .023 | .880 |
| Why usually drink: because others drink | 6.5 | 7.6 | .052 | 1.00A |
| Why usually drink: to feel less anxious | 9.7 | 1.6 | 6.333 | .040A,* |
| Current drinking problem (% Yes) | 6.3 | 1.1 | 4.059 | .104A |
| Recovering drinker (% Yes) | 15.8 | 4.8 | 3.242 | .104A |
| Drug Use | ||||
| Used tobacco – during pregnancy (% Yes) | 17.6 | 20.3 | .129 | .819A |
| Used any drugs in pregnancy (% Yes) | 8.8 | 6.2 | .337 | .472A |
| Abused prescription – during pregnancy | 2.9 | 2.6 | .015 | 1.00A |
| Used marijuana – during pregnancy (% Yes) | 8.8 | 5.7 | .499 | .455A |
| Used marijuana & alcohol – during pregnancy (% Yes) | 6.3 | 1.6 | 2.620 | .157A |
| Used club drugs – during pregnancy (% Yes) | 2.9 | 0.5 | 1.929 | .279A |
| Used cocaine - during pregnancy (% Yes) | 2.9 | 1.0 | .804 | .387A |
| Used methamphetamine – pregnancy (% Yes) | 2.9 | 2.6 | .015 | 1.00A |
| Used tobacco – in lifetime | ||||
| Yes, within last 30 days | 26.5 | 27.5 | ||
| Yes, in lifetime | 35.3 | 29.0 | ||
| Never | 38.2 | 43.5 | 1.282 | .527 |
| Used any drug in lifetime (% Yes) | 67.6 | 49.7 | 3.721 | .054 |
| Used marijuana – in lifetime (% Yes) | 67.6 | 47.6 | 4.620 | .032* |
| Used methamphetamine – in lifetime (% Yes) | 20.0 | 13.1 | 1.162 | .294A |
| Used heroin – in lifetime (% Yes) | 5.9 | 3.8 | .313 | .634A |
| Used club drugs – in lifetime (% Yes) | 5.9 | 4.3 | .160 | .656A |
| Used crack/cocaine – in lifetime (% Yes) | 14.7 | 10.8 | .446 | .555A |
| Abused pain killers – in lifetime (% Yes) | 5.9 | 5.3 | .016 | 1.00A |
1.
Among women who drank in that specific time period.
2.
A collateral interview confirmed alcohol consumption but with unknown quantity and/or frequency.
A.
Fisher’s Exact Test
*
Significant at 0.05
**
Significant at Bonferroni-adjusted level: Bonferroni-adjusted significant levels: alcohol use – before and during pregnancy = 0.004; alcohol use – current = 0.008; other drug use = 0.003.