Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of MAFLD patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 according to obesity status.
| Overall N = 66 |
Without obesity N = 21 |
With obesity N = 45 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | ||||
| 18–44 yrs, n (%) | 39 (59.1%) | 15 (71.43%) | 24 (53.33%) | 0.207 |
| 45–64 yrs, n (%) | 22 (33.3%) | 6 (28.57%) | 16 (35.56%) | |
| ≥65 yrs, n (%) | 5 (7.6%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (11.11%) | |
| Female sex, n (%) | 17 (25.8%) | 4 (19.05%) | 13 (28.89%) | 0.548 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.5 ± 3.9 | 22.7 ± 2.1 | 28.3 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
| Coexisting disorders | ||||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 8 (12.1%) | 2 (9.5%) | 6 (13.3%) | 0.659 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 16 (24.2%) | 2 (9.5%) | 14 (31.1%) | 0.070 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 19 (28.8%) | 3 (14.3%) | 16 (35.6%) | 0.089 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 45 (68.2%) | 14 (66.67%) | 31 (68.89%) | 0.857 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| White blood cell count, ×109 | 4.9 (3.9–6.7) | 4.8 (3.8–6.3) | 5.0 (4.1–6.7) | 0.495 |
| >10 × 109, n (%) | 2 (3.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0.511 |
| <4 × 109, n (%) | 17 (25.8%) | 7 (33.3%) | 10 (22.2%) | |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.040 |
| <1.5 × 109, n (%) | 47 (71.2%) | 11 (52.4%) | 36 (80.0%) | 0.021 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 21.6 (8.1–47.3) | 18.3 (5.8–24.5) | 25.3 (11.3–53.5) | 0.097 |
| ≥10 mg/L, n (%) | 47 (71.2%) | 13 (61.9%) | 34 (75.6%) | 0.382 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 29.5 (24.0–62.5) | 26.0 (20.0–45.0) | 30.0 (24.0–65.0) | 0.150 |
| >40 U/L, n (%) | 25 (37.9%) | 6 (28.6%) | 19 (42.2%) | 0.415 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 31.5 (23.0–47.0) | 25.0 (21.0–33.0) | 35.0 (27.0–52.0) | 0.010 |
| >40 U/L, n (%) | 20 (30.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | 18 (40.0%) | 0.020 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 13.3 (9.3–17.1) | 15.6 (11.8–19.3) | 11.5 (8.8–16.7) | 0.051 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 74.0 (65.5–83.0) | 78.0 (67.0–87.0) | 74.0 (65.0–82.0) | 0.401 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 6.7 ± 2.3 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 7.1 ± 2.6 | 0.047 |
| HbA1c, % | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.145 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 0.086 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.255 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 0.074 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | 0.032 |
| COVID-19 severity, n (%) | 0.021 | |||
| Non-severe | 47 (71.2%) | 19 (90.5%) | 28 (62.2%) | |
| Severe | 19 (28.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 17 (37.8%) |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, medians and inter-quartile range or percentage.