Table 7.
Microbe detection frequencies and concentrations in unseparated manure, separated liquids, separated solids, and separated solids after secondary treatment. For detection frequencies, n refers to the number of samples. Unless otherwise noted, concentrations are the minimum, maximum, and geometric mean of detected concentrations (i.e., nondetects have been excluded).
| Microbe† | Detection frequency | Concentration | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unseparated‡ | Liquids | Solids | Solids, secondary | Unseparated | Liquids | Solids | Solids, secondary | |
| % (no.) | copies wet g−1 | |||||||
| Bacteroidales‐like CowM3 | 96 (153) | 93 (150) | 86 (148) | 57 (42) | 1.9 × 104–2.9 × 108, 2.1 × 106 | 1.3 × 104–3.3 × 107, 1.1 × 106 | 4.8 × 101–8.5 × 105, 6.1 × 103 | 1.4 × 102–2.2 × 104, 1.8 × 103 |
| Bovine Bacteroides | 98 (153) | 95 (150) | 89 (148) | 79 (42) | 2.6 × 103–4.3 × 107, 9.3 × 105 | 2.4 × 103–3.0 × 107, 5.0 × 105 | 4.8 × 101–4.1 × 106, 3.2 × 103 | 9.9 × 101–2.0 × 104, 1.0 × 103 |
| Bovine polyomavirus | 100 (153) | 97 (150) | 76 (148) | 17 (42) | 2.4 × 103–7.1 × 107, 2.3 × 105 | 3.6 × 103–9.7 × 107, 2.6 × 105 | 8.6 × 101–1.8 × 106, 5.8 × 103 | 3.0 × 101–5.2 × 104, 3.2 × 103 |
| Bovine enterovirus | 30 (152) | 16 (150) | 17 (116) | 3 (30) | 1.4 × 104–9.0 × 107, 1.6 × 105 | 1.7 × 104–4.2 × 105, 7.2 × 104 | 7.4 × 102–2.1 × 104, 2.0 × 103 | 6.0 × 103 (n = 1) |
| Clostridium perfringens | 23 (153) | 7 (130) | 15 (115) | 3 (29) | 1.1 × 103–3.8 × 105, 1.7 × 104 | 2.5 × 103–7.8 × 104, 1.5 × 104 | 1.6 × 102–8.3 × 103, 1.3 × 103 | 1.1 × 103 (n = 1) |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 26 (152) | 10 (134) | 12 (125) | 6 (32) | 9.1 × 102–1.2 × 105, 5.8 × 103 | 2.5 × 103–1.0 × 106, 3.5 × 104 | 5.5 × 101–5.2 × 103, 4.0 × 102 | 2.0 × 102–4.3 × 103, 9.4 × 102 |
| Bovine coronavirus | 12 (150) | 1 (149) | 1 (136) | 0 (38) | 1.1 × 104–1.4 × 107, 5.1 × 105 | 1.9 × 104 (n = 1) | 1.9 × 104 (n = 1) | Not detected |
| Group A rotavirus | 22 (153) | 15 (150) | 5 (136) | 0 (38) | 8.7 × 103–7.6 × 107, 1.5 × 105 | 2.5 × 104–3.0 × 107, 3.2 × 105 | 8.3 × 102–6.8 × 103, 3.0 × 103 | Not detected |
| Salmonella spp. | 4 (111) | 0 (144) | 1 (125) | 0 (35) | 3.1 × 103–2.2 × 104, 1.2 × 104 | Not detected | 7.1 × 101 (n = 1) | Not detected |
†
Bovine adenovirus, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia lamblia were never detected in separated liquid or solid samples, so they are not included in this table.
‡
For facilities with digesters, unseparated manure samples are the same as digester effluent. For facilities without digesters, unseparated manure samples are untreated manure.