Table 1.
WSAVA Canine Vaccination Guidelines
| Vaccine | Initial Puppy Vaccination (≤ 16 weeks) | Initial Adult Vaccination (> 16 weeks) | Revaccination Recommendation | Comments and Recommendations See text for definitions of core, non‐core and not recommended vaccines |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canine Parvovirus‐2 (CPV‐2; MLV, parenteral) | Administer at 8–9 weeks of age, then every 3–4 weeks until 14–16 weeks of age. | Two doses, 3–4 weeks apart are generally recommended by manufacturers but one dose is considered protective. | Revaccination (booster) at 1 year, then not more often than every 3 years. | Core |
| Canine Distemper Virus (CDV; MLV, parenteral) | ||||
| Recombinant Canine Distemper Virus (rCDV, parenteral) | ||||
| Canine Adenovirus‐2 (CAV‐2; MLV, parenteral) CAV‐2 (MLV, intranasal) | Parenteral preferred for enhanced immunity to CAV‐1. | |||
| CPV‐2 (killed, parenteral) | Not recommended where MLV available | |||
| Canine Adenovirus‐1 (CAV‐1; MLV and killed parenteral) | Not Recommended where CAV‐2 MLV available | |||
| Rabies (killed parenteral) | Administer one dose as early as 3 months of age. *In high risk areas and if permitted by law, give a second dose 2–4 weeks after the first dose | Administer a single dose. | Canine rabies vaccines with either a 1‐ or 3‐year DOI are available. Timing of boosters is determined by this licensed DOI but in some areas may be dictated by statute. | Core where required by statue or in areas where the disease is endemic. |
| Parainfluenza Virus (CPiV; MLV, parenteral) | Administer at 8–9 weeks of age, then every 3–4 weeks until 14–16 weeks of age. | Two doses, 3–4 weeks apart are generally recommended by manufacturers but one dose is considered protective. | Revaccination (booster) at 1 year, then annually where CPiV is monovalent or combined with other non‐core components. | Non‐core. Use of CPiV (MLV‐intranasal) is preferred to the parenteral product as the primary site of infection is the upper respiratory tract. |
| CPiV (MLV, intranasal) | Administer as early as 3 weeks of age and revaccinate within 3–4 weeks. | Two doses, 3–4 weeks apart. | Revaccination (booster) at 1 year, then annually | Non‐core. This product is generally combined with intranasal Bordetella bronchiseptica and this product should be administered annually following the puppy series. |
| Bordetella bronchiseptica (live avirulent bacteria, intranasal) | Administer a single dose as early as 3 weeks of age. For best results, a second dose should be given 2–4 weeks after the first. | A single dose. | Annually or more often in very high‐risk animals not protected by annual booster. | Non‐core. This product is generally combined with intranasal CPiV. Transient (3–10 days) coughing, sneezing, or nasal discharge may occur in a small percentage of vaccinates. |
| Bordetella bronchiseptica (killed bacterin, parenteral) | Administer one dose at 6–8 weeks and one dose at 10–12 weeks of age. | Two doses, 2‐4 weeks apart. | Annually or more often in very high‐risk animals not protected by annual booster. | Non‐core. The MLV intranasal product is preferred to the killed parenteral to provide local and systemic protection. |
| Bordetella bronchiseptica (cell wall antigen extract, parenteral) | ||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme borreliosis; killed whole bacterin, parenteral) | Recommendation is for initial dose at 12 weeks of age or older after completion of the puppy core viral vaccines with a second dose 2–4 weeks later. | Two doses, 2–4 weeks apart. | Annually. Revaccinate just prior to start of tick season as determined regionally. | Non‐core. The VGG recommends that this vaccine not be administered before 12 weeks of age and preferably after completion of the core series of puppy vaccines. Generally recommended only for use in dogs with a known high risk of exposure, living in or visiting regions where the risk of vector tick exposure is considered to be high, or where disease is known to be endemic. |
| Borrelia burgdorferi (rLyme borreliosis) (recombinant‐Outer surface protein A [OspA], parenteral) | ||||
| Leptospira interrogans (combined with serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae; killed bacterin, parenteral) (also available in the USA with serovars grippotyphosa and pomona) | Initial dose at 12–16 weeks of age or older after completion of the puppy core viral vaccines with a second dose 3–4 weeks later | Two doses 3–4 weeks apart, then annually or more often. | Non‐core. Vaccination should be restricted to use in geographical areas where a significant risk of exposure has been established or for dogs whose lifestyle places them at significant risk. These dogs should be vaccinated at 12–16 weeks of age, with a second dose 3–4 weeks later, and then at intervals of 9–12 months until the risk has been reduced. This vaccine is the one least likely to provide adequate and prolonged protection, and therefore must be administered annually or more often for animals at high risk. Protection against infection with different serovars is variable. This product is associated with the greatest number of adverse reactions to any vaccine. In particular, veterinarians are advised of reports of acute anaphylaxis in toy breeds following administration of leptospirosis vaccines. Routine vaccination of toy breeds should only be considered in dogs known to have a very high risk of exposure. | |
| Canine influenza virus (CIV; killed adjuvanted, parenteral) | Two doses 2–4 weeks apart with initial dose at >6 weeks of age | Two doses, 2–4 weeks apart | Annually | Non‐core. Conditional license only in USA. Consider for at‐risk groups of co‐housed dogs such as those in kennels, dog shows or day care. |
| Canine Coronavirus (CCV; killed and MLV, parenteral) | Not Recommended. Prevalence of clinical cases of confirmed CCV disease does not justify vaccination. |
The VGG did not consider the following products:
•Crotalus atrox toxoid (rattlesnake vaccine)—Conditional USDA License
•Porphyromonas sp. (periodontal disease vaccine)—Conditional USDA License
•Babesia vaccine (soluble parasite antigen from B. canis in saponin)—EU Licensed
•Babesia vaccine (soluble parasite antigen from B. canis canis and B. canis rossi in saponin)—EU Licensed
• Canine herpesvirus vaccine—EU Licensed
The killed parenteral Giardia lamblia vaccine for the dog (listed in the 2007 guidelines) is no longer available.