Table III.
Comparison of Clinical Features of Children With Different Single‐Virus Respiratory Infections
| Characteristics | HBoV | hRVa | RSVb | hMPVc | hCoVd | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||||
| Number of subjects | n = 66 | n = 211 | n = 143 | n = 49 | n = 21 | |
| Age (median) | 17 | 20 | 7 | 21 | 12 | 0.07a, <0.001 b , 0.289c, 0.161d |
| Age groups | ||||||
| 0–12 months | 16 (24.2%) | 59 (28%) | 95 (66.4%) | 14 (28.6%) | 11 (52.4%) | 0.01 a , <0.001 b , 0.039 c , 0.015 d |
| 13–24 months | 35 (53%) | 70 (33.2%) | 21 (14.7%) | 15 (30.6%) | 4 (19%) | |
| ≥25 months | 15 (22.7%) | 82 (38.9%) | 27 (18.9%) | 20 (40.8%) | 6 (28.6%) | |
| Gender—F:M ratio | 1:1.75 | 1:1.37 | 1.1:1 | 1.1:1 | 1:1 | 0.393a, 0.052b, 0.131c, 1d |
| Hospitalization in days, median (range) | 4.5 (1–13) | 4 (1–25) | 5 (1–14) | 6 (1–14) | 4 (2–12) | 0.001 a , 0.1b, 0.201c, 0.54d |
| Oxygen therapy in days, median (range) | 2 (0–12) | 1 (0–22) | 3 (0–10) | 3 (0–10) | 1 (0–6) | 0.009 a , 0.52b, 0.721c, 0.012 d |
| Underlying disease | ||||||
| Prematurity (<37 weeks), congenital immunodeficiency and/or other cardiac, pulmonary, congenital disorders | 14 (21.20%) | 74 (35.1%) | 29 (20.3%) | 13 (26.5%) | 12 (57.1%) | 0.05 a , 0.856b, 0.514c, 0.005 d |
| Clinical findings | ||||||
| Fever >38°C | 23 (34.8%) | 38 (18%) | 49 (34.3%) | 18 (36.7%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.006 a , 1b, 0.846c, 0.428d |
| Cough | 59 (89.4%) | 162 (76.8%) | 124 (86.7%) | 36 (73.5%) | 13 (61.9%) | 0.034 a , 0.658b, 0.045 c , 0.007 d |
| Rhinorrhea | 44 (66.7%) | 131 (62.1%) | 104 (72.7%) | 23 (46.9%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0.56a, 0.414b, 0.038 c , 0.005 d |
| Dyspnea | 59 (89.4%) | 196 (92.9%) | 135 (94.4%) | 44 (89.8%) | 16 (76.2%) | 0.433a, 0.248b, 1c, 0.152d |
| Wheezing | 37 (56.1%) | 133 (63%) | 73 (51%) | 27 (55.1%) | 12 (57.1%) | 0.315a, 0.552b, 1c, 1d |
| Conjunctivitis | 3 (4.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 10 (7%) | 4 (8.2%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0.043 a , 0.759b, 0.457c, 0.59d |
| Vomiting/diarrhea | 7 (10.6%) | 12 (5.7%) | 14 (9.8%) | 4 (8.2%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0.171a, 0.81b, 0.756c, 0.673d |
| Otitis | 4 (6.1%) | 8 (3.8%) | 4 (2.8%) | 2 (4.1%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0.488a, 0.265b, 1c, 0.628d |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| CRP >8 mg/L | 38/63 (60.3%) | 119/202 (58.9%) | 68/136 (50%) | 25/47 (53.2%) | 11/21 (52.4%) | 0.561a, 0.285b, 0.559c, 0.323d |
| WBC × 109 cells/L, median | n = 65, 13.5 | n = 206, 14.45 | n = 138, 9.95 | n = 48, 9.15 | n = 20, 13.95 | 0.375a, <0.001 b , <0.001 c , 0.604d |
| Hypoxia (sat. O2 <94%) | 53 (80.3%) | 133 (63%) | 120 (83.9%) | 38 (77.5%) | 11 (52.4%) | 0.01 a , 0.557b, 0.818c, 0.021 d |
| Chest radiographic findings | ||||||
| X‐ray performed | 17 (25.8%) | 45 (21.3%) | 45 (31.5%) | 18 (36.7%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.499a, 0.421b, 0.225c, 0.578d |
| X‐ray pathology (infiltrates, hyperinflation) | 16 (24.2%) | 42 (20.4%) | 45 (31.5%) | 18 (36.7%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.488a, 0.327b, 0.215c, 0.571d |
| Final diagnosis | ||||||
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 2 (3%) | 6 (2.8%) | 2 (1.4%) | 4 (8.2%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1a, 0.592b, 0.399c, 0.244d |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | 64 (97%) | 205 (97.2%) | 141 (98.6%) | 45 (91.8%) | 19 (90.5%) | 1a, 0.592b, 0.399c, 0.244d |
| Pneumonia | 16 (24.2%) | 35 (16.6%) | 29 (20.3%) | 12 (24.5%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.202a, 0.588b, 1c, 1d |
| Bronchiolitis | 42 (63.6%) | 116 (55%) | 104 (72.7%) | 26 (53.10%) | 11 (52.4%) | 0.255a, 0.197b, 0.338c, 0.443d |
| Bronchitis | 0 | 2 (0.9%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0 | 1a, NDb, 0.426c, NDd |
| Recurrent wheezing | 6 (9.10%) | 27 (12.8%) | 5 (3.5%) | 4 (8.2%) | 0 | 0.517a, 0.105b, 1c, 0.329d |
| Asthma | 0 | 25 (11.8%) | 3 (2.1%) | 2 (4.1%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.001 a , 0.553b, 0.179c, 0.013 d |
HBoV, human bocavirus, hRV, human rhinoviruses; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; hCoV, human corona viruses; F:M, female:male; CRP, C‐reactive protein; WBC, white blood cells.
P‐values <0.05 are significant. Statistical values are in bold.
a
Children with HBoV infection and children with hRV infection were compared.
b
Children with HBoV infection and children with RSV infection were compared.
c
Children with HBoV infection and children with hMPV infection were compared.
d
Children with HBoV infection and children with hCoV infection were compared.