(A) Seed-germination phenotypes of Col-0, PCH1 and PCHL overexpression lines, pch1, pchl, and pch1 pchl double mutants in response to an increasing fluence of red light. Col-0 and pifQ were used as controls. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 3 biological repeats).
(B) Photograph showing that the hypocotyls of PCH1 and PCHL overexpression seedlings do not respond to changes in the direction of gravity. The direction of gravity was altered by turning plates 90° after the seedlings were grown for 2 days in pulsed red light on vertical agar plates. The plates were incubated for another 2 days under the same light conditions.
(C) Quantification of hypocotyl negative gravitropism in response to an increasing fluence of red light pulse. Data are mean with 95% confidence intervals indicated (n = 20 seedlings).
(D) I2-KI staining patterns of starch granules for the wild-type (Col-0), PCH1 and PCHL overexpression lines (PCH1OE and PCHLOE), pch1, pchl, and pch1 pchl double mutant.
(E) Light-responsive gene expression in Col-0, PCH1 and PCHL overexpression lines, pch1, pchl, and pch1 pchl double mutants in response to an increasing fluence of red light. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 3 biological repeats). *P < 0.01 by Student’s t-test; asterisk indicates significant difference of each genotype compared with Col-0 in each condition.