Table 3.

Logistic Regression Analyses for the Association Between Treatment with Metformin and Scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Items (PHQ-9)

Variable	Odds Ratio	P-value	95% Confidence Interval
			Lower	Upper
Model I, adjusted for the baseline PHQ-9 score
Metformin Use	0.309	0.036*	0.103	0.931
Model II, adjusted for the baseline PHQ-9 score and age
Metformin Use	0.291	0.031*	0.095	0.893
Model III, adjusted for the baseline PHQ-9 score and other comorbidities
Metformin Use	0.308	0.031*	0.102	0.928
Model IV, adjusted for the baseline PHQ-9 score and education
Metformin Use	0.303	0.038*	0.098	0.906
Model V, adjusted for the baseline PHQ-9 score and BMI
Metformin Use	0.303	0.034*	0.100	0.918
Model VI, adjusted for the baseline PHQ-9 score and marital status
Metformin Use	0.334	0.055	0.109	1.023
Model VII, adjusted for the baseline PHQ-9 score and health literacy
Metformin Use	0.310	0.039	0.102	0.946
Model VIII, adjusted for the baseline PHQ-9 score, age, number of comorbidities, education, health literacy, marital status, and BMI
Metformin Use	0.302	0.045*	0.093	0.976

Note: *P<0.05.