Table 1.

Urinary and blood concentration of metal(loid)s (ng/ml) in 1,040 pregnant women from Puerto Rico in 2011–2017

Metal (loid)	Specimen	N (Sample)	LO D	% > LOD	GM	GSD	25%	50%	75%	95%	rd
As	Urinea	1285	0.3	100	10.9	2.5	6.1	10.8	19.0	46.4	0.27**
	Bloodb	1183	0.3	48.9	0.34	1.8	0.21	0.21	0.48	0.99
Ba	Urinea	1285	0.1	99.3	2.5	2.9	1.3	2.5	5.0	12.9
	Bloodb
Cd	Urinea	1285	0.06	74.5	0.12	2.3	0.06	0.12	0.20	0.58	0.25**
	Bloodb	1183	0.1	60.9	0.12	1.7	0.07	0.12	0.16	0.27
Co	Urinea	1285	0.05	100	1.0	1.9	0.70	1.0	1.5	2.8	0.51**
	Bloodb	1183	0.2	98.2	0.34	1.4	0.28	0.34	0.41	0.57
Cs	Urinea	1285	0.01	100	4.9	1.7	3.7	5.3	7.1	10.7	0.43**
	Bloodb	1183	0.04	99.9	1.1	1.4	0.94	1.2	1.4	1.9
Cu	Urinea	1285	2.5	99.3	14.0	1.8	10.0	14.2	19.5	34.5	0.21**
	Bloodb	1183	9	99.9	1552	1.3	1393	1562	1740	2096
Hg	Urinea	1285	0.05	98.6	0.60	2.9	0.30	0.59	1.2	3.6	0.33**
	Bloodb	1183	0.2	99.9	1.2	1.7	0.85	1.2	1.7	3.0
Mn	Urinea	1285	0.08	100	1.2	1.6	0.95	1.2	1.6	2.3	0.01
	Bloodb	1183	2	99.9	11.3	1.4	9.0	11.3	14.0	19.4
Mo	Urinea	1285	0.3	100	58.9	2.0	38.9	62.9	92.2	166
	Bloodb
Ni	Urinea	1285	0.8	98.9	5.4	2.0	3.5	5.5	8.5	15.5	0.06
	Bloodb	1183	0.5	96.4	1.0	1.6	0.81	1.0	1.3	2.2
Pb	Urinea	1285	0.1	72.1	0.25	2.7	<LOD	0.27	0.51	1.2	0.17**
	Bloodb	1183	0.02	99.9	3.3	1.6	2.5	3.3	4.3	6.4
Sb	Urinea	1285	0.04	90	0.09	1.9	0.06	0.08	0.12	0.22
	Bloodb
Sn	Urinea	1285	0.1	100	2.1	3.0	1.0	1.9	4.0	14.0
	Bloodb
Zn	Urinea	1285	2	100	266	2.5	155	300	498	947	0.07
	Bloodb	1183	24	99.9	4682	1.3	4248	4752	5252	6055

^aIncludes uncorrected urinary metal concentrations for up to 3 repeated samples per woman (n = 1285 samples)

^bIncludes blood metal concentrations for up to 2 repeated samples per woman (n = 1183 samples)

^cLOD, limit of detection; GM, geometric mean; GSD, geometric standard deviation

^dSpearman correlation coefficient calculated for blood and urine metal concentrations

^**P value for the Spearman test <0.01.