Table 3.

Urinary and blood metal(loid) concentrations among pregnant women in PROTECT and previous studies^a.

Urinary Metal(loid)s Summary
Reference	Country/Region	Year	nb	As	Ba	Cd	Co	Cs	Cu	Hg	Mn	Mo	Ni	Pb	Sb	Sn	Zn	Corr ectionc	GMd /Median	Unit
Present study	Puerto Rico	2011-2017	1285	10.9	2.5	0.12	1.0	4.9	14.0	0.60	1.2	58.9	5.4	0.25	0.09	2.1	266	SG	GM	ng/mL
Kalloo et al, 2018	Ohio, US	2003-2006	389	5.3	-	0.20	-	-	-	0.60	-	-	-	0.70	-	-	-	-	GM	ng/mL
Lewis et al 2018	Mexico	1997-2004	212	13.8	4.0	0.18	1.2	-	-	-	0.82	17.3	9.5	2.9	-	-	288	-	GM	ng/mL
Callan et al. 2013	Australia	2008-2011	157	13.2	-	-	1.2	-	10.4	-	0.53	-	2.3	-	-	-	396	Crt	Median	μg/g
Hinwood et al, 2013	Australia	2008-2011	157	-	-	0.78	-	-	-	<0.40	-	-	-	0.70	-	-	-	Crt	Median	μg/g
Hinwood et al, 2015	Australia	2008-2011	157	-	-	-	-	8.3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Crt	Median	μg/g
Birgisdottir et al, 2013	Norway	2003	184	79.6	-	0.16	-	-	-	1.2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Crt	Median	μg/g
Fort et al, 2014	Spain (1st trime)	2004-2006	489	32.0	-	0.61	0.45	8.0	12.0	-	-	-	3.9	3.8	0.36	-	256	Crt	Median	μg/g
	Spain (3rd trime)	2004-2006	489	35.0	-	0.54	1.3	6.8	15.0	-	-	-	3.9	3.9	0.28	-	290	Crt	Median	μg/g
Shirai et al, 2010	Japan	2007-2008	78	76.9	-	0.77	-	-	12.8	-	-	79.0	-	0.48	-	0.23	393	Crt	GM	μg/g
Blood Metal(loid)s Summary
Reference	Country/Region	Year	nb	As	Ba	Cd	Co	Cs	Cu	Hg	Mn	Mo	Ni	Pbf	Sb	Sn	Zn	Corr ectionc	GMd /Median	Unit
Present study	Puerto Rico	2011-2017	1183	0.34		0.12	0.34	1.1	1552	1.2	11.3		1.0	0.33			4682	-	GM	ng/mL
Kalloo et al, 2018	Ohio, US	2003-2006	389	-		-	-	-	-	-	-			0.70			-	-	GM	ng/mL
Callan et al. 2013	Australia	2008-2011	172	1.3		-	0.28	-	1252	-	6.5		<2.0	-			2330	-	Median	ng/mL
Hinwood et al, 2013	Australia	2008-2011	172	-		0.38	-	-	-	0.46	-		-	0.37			-	-	Median	ng/mL
Hinwood et al, 2015	Australia	2008-2011	172	-		-	-	1.9	-	-	-		-	-			-	-	Median	ng/mL
Birgisdottir et al 2013	Norway	2003	184	5.9		0.45	-	-	-	4.0	-		-	2.5			-	-	Median	ng/mL
Hansen et al, 2011	Norway	2007-2009	211	1.4		0.15	0.10	-	1650	1.2	10.7		-	0.75			5110	-	GM	ng/mL
Mathee et al, 2014	South Africa	2010	307	8.0		0.20	-	-	-	0.60	-		-	1.4			-	-	Median	ng/mL
Rudge et al. 2009	South Africa	nrg	62	0.57		0.15	0.60	-	1730	0.65	16.8		-	2.3			6290	-	Median	ng/mL
Nakayama et al, 2019	Japan	2011-2014	1799	-		0.71	-	-	-	3.8	16.1		-	0.64			-	-	GM	ng/mL

^aTo allow for comparison on same scale, the urine concentrations were converted to ng/mL for unadjusted urine, μg/g for creatinine adjusted urine, and blood concentrations were converted to ng/mL

^bSample Size

^c- No correction applied, SG corrected for specific gravity Crt corrected for creatinine

^dGM geometric mean

^etrim trimester

^fthe unit for blood Pb concentration is μg/dL

^gnr not reported.