Table 1.
Population characteristics
| All patients (n = 158) |
Without MAKE-360 (n = 21) |
With MAKE-360 (n = 120) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Women/men | 24.1/75.9 | 2/19 | 33/87 |
| Weight (kg) | 77 [65; 90] | 74 [65; 85] | 78 [66; 90] |
| Height (cm) | 170 [165; 178] | 178 [169; 180.5] | 170 [165; 177] |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 [22.9; 30] | 24.4 [20.6; 26.4] | 26.8 [23.8; 30.5] |
| Age (years) | 59 [47; 66] | 49 [39; 56] | 60 [49.5; 66.5] |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 20.5 [12; 39] | 19 [14; 39] | 21 [12; 38.5] |
| SAPS-II at ICU admission | 54.5 [39; 66] | 39 [21; 60] | 55.5 [40.5; 68] |
| SOFA at ICU admission | 9 [7; 12] | 8 [5; 10] | 9.5 [7; 12] |
| Respiratory item | 1 [0; 2] | 1 [0; 2] | 2 [1; 3] |
| Neurologic item | 0 [0; 1] | 0 [0; 2] | 0 [0; 1] |
| Hemodynamic item | 4 [3; 4] | 4 [2; 4] | 4 [3; 4] |
| Liver item | 1 [0; 2] | 1 [0; 2] | 1 [0; 2] |
| Kidney item | 1 [0; 2] | 0 [0; 1] | 1 [0; 2] |
| Coagulating item | 1 [0; 2] | 0 [0; 2] | 1 [0; 2] |
| Known comorbidities | |||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 45 (28.5) | 2 (9.5) | 37 (30.8) |
| Chronic cardiac failure | 93 (58.9) | 7 (33.3) | 77 (64.2) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 19 (12) | 1 (4.8) | 16 (13.3) |
| Dementia | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 20 (12.7) | 1 (4.8) | 18 (15) |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 29 (18.4) | 2 (9.5) | 24 (20) |
| Connectivitis | 6 (3.8) | 3 (14.3) | 2 (1.7) |
| Ulcers | 11 (7) | 0 (0) | 10 (8.3) |
| Chronic liver disease | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.5) |
| Diabetes | 44 (27.8) | 3 (14.3) | 38 (31.7) |
| Hemiplegia | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.7) |
| Moderate-to-severe renal failure | 34 (21.5) | 0 (0) | 32 (26.7) |
| Solid tumor | 6 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 6 (5) |
| Leukemia | 1 (0.6) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) |
| Lymphoma | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) |
| AIDS | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hypertension | 62 (39.2) | 3 (14.3) | 53 (44.2) |
| Active smoking | 23 (14.6) | 4 (19) | 17 (14.2) |
| Dyslipidemia | 50 (31.6) | 3 (14.3) | 41 (34.2) |
| Alcoholism | 10 (6.3) | 3 (14.3) | 6 (5) |
| Duration of CBP (min)* | 148.5 [109; 210] | 140 [89; 177] | 155 [116; 220] |
| No CBP | 90 (60) | 11 (55) | 71 (62.8) |
| CBP ≤ 140 min | 28 (18.7) | 4 (20) | 20 (17.7) |
| CBP > 140 min | 40 (25.3) | 5 (25) | 22 (19.5) |
| Duration of aortic clamping (min)* | 81.5 [56.5; 114.5] | 102.5 [55; 127] | 81 [56; 111] |
| Place of cannulation | |||
| In ICU | 29 (18.4) | 1 (4.8) | 22 (18.3) |
| Operative bloc | 116 (73.4) | 18 (85.7) | 88 (73.3) |
| Other | 13 (8.2) | 2 (9.5) | 10 (8.3) |
| Cannulation site | |||
| Femoro-femoral | 66 (41.8) | 10 (47.6) | 45 (37.5) |
| Other | 92 (58.2) | 11 (52.4) | 75 (62.5) |
| Time from ICU admission to cannulation (days) | 1 [1; 1] | 1 [1; 1] | 1 [1; 2] |
| ECMO duration (days) | 7.5 [4; 12] | 6 [3; 8] | 8 [5; 13] |
| Recannulation | 31 (19.6) | 3 (14.3) | 28 (23.3) |
| Mechanical ventilation at cannulation | 123 (77.8) | 16 (76.2) | 92 (76.7) |
| SOFA at cannulation | 9 [7; 12] | 9 [6; 10] | 9 [7; 12] |
| Respiratory item | 2 [1; 3] | 2 [1; 2] | 2 [1; 3] |
| Neurological item | 0 [0; 4] | 0 [0; 4] | 0 [0; 4] |
| Hemodynamic item | 4 [4; 4] | 4 [4; 4] | 4 [4; 4] |
| Liver item | 0 [0; 2] | 1 [0; 2] | 0 [0; 2] |
| Kidney item | 1 [0; 2] | 0 [0; 1] | 1 [0; 2] |
| Coagulation item | 0 [0; 1] | 0 [0; 1] | 0 [0; 1] |
| SOFA without hemodynamic score | 5 [3; 8] | 5 [3; 6] | 5 [3; 8] |
| Biological features at cannulation | |||
| Lactate (mmol/l) | 3 [2.2; 5.4] | 3.1 [3; 6.1] | 3 [2.2; 4.5] |
| AST (UI/l) | 93.5 [47; 262] | 94 [60; 437] | 93.5 [45.5; 276.5] |
| ALT (UI/l) | 68 [35; 216] | 68 [36; 289] | 68 [34.5; 186] |
| Platelets count (g/l) | 163 [123; 228] | 187 [104; 232] | 162 [123; 225] |
| ≤ 50 g/l | 7 (4.4) | 2 (9.5) | 5 (4.2) |
| > 50 g/l | 61 (38.6) | 6 (28.6) | 48 (40) |
| > 150 g/l | 90 (57) | 13 (61.9) | 67 (55.8) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10 [7.9; 12.3] | 9.8 [7.2; 10.4] | 10 [8; 12.6] |
| ≤ 10 g/dl | 81 (51.3) | 11 (52.4) | 61 (50.8) |
| > 10 g/dl | 77 (48.7) | 10 (47.6) | 59 (49.2) |
| Leukocytes (g/l) | 10.9 [6.9; 16.4] | 11.5 [8; 14.6] | 10.5 [6.8; 16.3] |
| PT (%) | 58 [41; 75] | 60 [49; 74] | 58 [40; 74] |
| aPTT ratio | 1..4 [1.2; 1.7] | 1.2 [1.1; 1.4] | 1.4 [1.2; 1.8] |
| Hemorrhagic shock | 79 (50) | 8 (38.1) | 64 (53.3) |
| Other than hemopericardium | 43 (27.2) | 5 (23.8) | 35 (29.2) |
| Early hemopericardium | 24 (15.2) | 1 (4.8) | 21 (17.5) |
| Late hemopericardium | 12 (7.6) | 2 (9.5) | 8 (6.7) |
| Number of RBC | 9 [5; 19] | 5 [4; 10] | 12 [6; 22] |
| ECMO duration (days) | 7.5 [4; 12] | 6 [3; 8] | 8 [5; 13] |
| Outcomes | |||
| Bridge to VAD | 10 (6.3) | 2 (9.5) | 8 (6.7) |
| Bridge to heart transplantation | 19 (12) | 2 (9.5) | 17 (14.2) |
| ECMO weaning | 80 (50.6) | 17 (81) | 46 (38.3) |
| No weaning | 49 (31) | 0 (0) | 49 (40.8) |
Results are shown as median and interquartile ranges for quantitative variables and number and percentage for qualitative variables
*Duration of CBP and duration of aortic clampling apply only for patients who underwent CBP
AIDS acquired immuno deficiency syndrome, CBP cardiopulmonary bypass, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, PT prothrombin time, RBC red blood cell, VAD ventricle assistance device