Table 2.

Barriers and enablers, in the descending order of agreement

Attitude enablers	Mean (SD)a
I am interested in learning more about point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)	4.3 (1.0)
POCUS is a useful adjunct to the traditional physical examination	4.1. (0.8)
I think every internist caring for hospitalized patients should use POCUS	3.7 (1.1)
POCUS provides me with a higher level of confidence in my management plans	3.6 (0.9)
POCUS often provides additional information I need to make clinical decisions	3.5 (0.9)

Attitude barriers
I worry about losing my reputation as a clinician/teacher when learners are better than me at POCUS	2.6 (1.2)
I worry about losing my reputation as a clinician/teacher when other faculties are better than me at POCUS	2.4 (1.2)
In general I worry that POCUS use by internists will harm medical patients	1.9 (0.9)
I think POCUS is IRRELEVANT to MY specific clinical practice	1.8 (0.9)
I think POCUS is a fad that will pass with time	1.8 (0.9)
In general, I think POCUS is IRRELEVANT to the practice of internal medicine	1.6 (0.9)

Personal/general skills/knowledge barriers
I would use POCUS more if I had more training	4.1 (0.9)
I would use POCUS more if I had direct supervision as I apply it to my patient care	3.7 (1.0)
I worry about the implications of false-positive or false-negative POCUS findings	3.2 (1.1)
The amount of time required to become proficient at POCUS is too long	3.2 (0.9)
I worry that MY limitations in POCUS may harm my patients	3.1 (1.0)
I am concerned about the potential for litigation if I use POCUS incorrectly	3.0 (1.0)
I would use POCUS more if there was more evidence to support its use in Internal Medicine	2.9 (1.0)
I worry that I may feel obligated to act on certain POCUS findings contrary to my clinical judgement	2.3 (1.0)
I worry I will lose my physical examination skills if I use POCUS	1.9 (0.9)

Work environment enablers
Other internists at my institution are supportive of the use of POCUS in clinical practice	4.0 (0.7)
There are POCUS experts at my institution who can provide POCUS training	4.0 (0.9)
My institution supports and encourages the use of POCUS	3.5 (0.9)
Our institution has a POCUS director who builds POCUS curriculum and training for Internal medicine faculty and trainees	3.5 (1.2)
Other traditional imaging specialities (i.e. Cardiology, radiology) are supportive of the use of POCUS at my institution	3.0 (0.8)
I would use POCUS more if I could bill for it	2.8 (1.0)
I believe my future career opportunities will depend on whether I am knowledgeable in POCUS	2.7 (1.0)
My institution provides funding for POCUS training	2.5 (1.1)

Work environment barriers
I would use POCUS more if I had more time to perform it during rounds	3.6 (1.0)
I would use POCUS more if my images could be archived and reviewed later by a qualified expert	3.4 (1.0)
I do not need to use POCUS because I have easy access to other imaging modalities (i.e. Chest X-rays, diagnostic ultrasound, CT, MRI, echocardiography, etc.) at my institution	2.9 (1.2)

Equipment-related enablers
At my institution, I have access to ultrasound machines for my use	4.0 (0.8)
My institution has locations to safely store ultrasound machines	3.7 (0.7)
The ultrasound machines at my institution are stored in a convenient location	3.3 (1.1)

Equipment-related barriers
I would use POCUS more if I was provided with a handheld ultrasound	4.1 (1.0)
My institution cannot afford to buy ultrasound machines	2.6 (1.1)

External organization-related enablers
I think POCUS should be the standard of care for future internists	3.4 (1.1)

External organization-related barriers
I would use POCUS more if I could get certified in its use	3.4 (1.1)
I do not need to know POCUS because it is not a ABIM/FRCPC requirement	2.0 (0.9)

^aRated on a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree