Table 1.

Gastrointestinal manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019

Manifestation	Reported prevalence
Luminal
Diarrhea	Very common	10%-29%, potentially 50% in North America
Abdominal pain	Common	1%-29%
Nausea and vomiting	Common	1%-29%
Hemorrhagic enterocolitis	Rare	Case report
Liver
Acute liver failure	So far not reported
Mild to moderately elevated AST and ALT	Very Common	17%-62%
Elevated bilirubin	Uncommon	Up to 11%
Elevated alkaline phosphatase	Uncommon	< 5%
Elevated GGT	Common	Up to 54%

GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.