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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 20.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Aug 2;71(10):1197–1207. doi: 10.1007/s00228-015-1913-0

Table 2.

Pharmacodynamic parameters for dexmedetomidine effects on norepinephrine and epinephrine

Parameter (unit) Definition Estimate
Norepinephrine Epinephrine
R0 (nmol/L) Baseline 9.48 (43.5)a 0.22 (14.4)
kd,s (h−1)a Disposition rate constant 10.2 (44.4)a -
IC50 (ng/mL) Drug concentration at one-half maximal inhibition of response 0.153 (38.2) 0.166 (11.9)
kd,p (h−1) Disposition rate constant 19.1 (82.2) 3.67 (20.8)
Inter-individual variability
R0 (nmol/L) - 0.34 (37.6) [2]
IC50 0.3 (88.0) [7] -
Residual variability
 Additive error (nmol/L) 0.072 (39.8) -
 Proportional error 0.356 (19.8) 0.56 (11.5)

(%) RSE, [%] shrinkage

a

In noradrenergic nerve