Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 20.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Aug 2;71(10):1197–1207. doi: 10.1007/s00228-015-1913-0

Table 3.

Pharmacodynamic parameters for blood pressure and heart rate

Parameter (unit) Definition Estimate
Systolic arterial pressure Diastolic arterial pressure Heart rate
Emax (mmHg or beats/min) Maximum response 203 140 191
Emin (mmHg or beats/min) Minimum response 76.6 (40.9) 47.3 (7.7) 50.5 (7.5)
EC50 (nmol/L) NEe at 50 % of Emax 8.2 (42.6) 16.8 (15.1) 30.6 (44.1)
γ Hill coefficient 1.2 (36.9) 1.9 (24.8) 1.7 (49.2)
ke0 (h−1) Biophase rate constant 3.08 (10.5) 1.39 (11.2) 4.6 (74.8)
Inter-individual variability
 EC50 0.085 (84.3) [1] 0.027 (64.0) [4] 0.047 (64.8) [24]
Residual variability
 Proportional error 0.083 (4.2) 0.090 (2.9) 0.102 (12.9)

(%) RSE, [%] shrinkage