Figure 5.

Effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on NS5‐modulated suppression of IFNβ‐induced response. (A) For cytopathic effect assays, cells were treated singly or with both CsA and IFNβ for 48 h, imaging analyzed by light microscopy. (B) To analyze ISRE‐driven promoter activity, vector control and NS5‐expressing cells were transiently cotransfected with dual‐luciferase reporters, treated singly or with both CsA and IFNβ for 4 h. Firefly and renilla luciferase were measured, with relative firefly luciferase activity normalized to renilla luciferase activity. Relative mRNA levels of PKR (C) and ISG15 (D) were measured by quantitative PCR and normalized by GAPDH mRNA, presented as relative ratio.