Table 4.
Case Series of BAL Findings in Immunosuppressed Children
| Ref. | Study period | Subject n/BAL N | Underlying diagnoses | BAL yield n/N 1 (%) | Bacteria (%) | Viruses (%) | Fungi 2 (%) | NTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current study | 2001–2012 | 123/174 | Hematologic malignancies, HLH, aplastic anemia, cancer, HSCT | 54/174 (31) | 29.3 | 27.5 | 36.2 | 6.9% |
| 4 | 2000–2009 | 33/44 | Hematologic malignancies, HSCT | 22/44 (55) | 32.3 3 | 35.3 | 32.3 | 0 |
| 7 | 2000–2004 | 58/62 | Primary immunodeficiency, cancer, HSCT | 33/62 (53) | 59.6 3 | 26.9 | 13.4 | 0 |
| 9 | 1995–2003 | 89/92 | Cancer, HSCT | 41/92 (45) | 24.4 | 24.4 | 51.2 | 0 |
| 10 | 1990–2002 | 78/78 | HSCT | 53/78 (68) | 52.3 | 13.6 | 6.8 | 0 |
| 5 | 1993–2003 | 54/68 | Leukemia, HSCT, AIDS, OHT, cancer, SLE | 25/36 (37) | 56.7 3 | 16.2 | 27.0 | 0 |
| 8 | 1988–1998 | 53/53 | Cancer | 15/53 (28) | 20.0 | 26.7 | 46.7 | 6.7% |
| 14 | 1995–1999 | 52/86 | Cancer, HSCT, SCID | 27/86 (31) | 24.9 | 24.9 | 41.2 | 0 |
| 15 | 1990–1996 | 28/31 | HSCT | 16/31 (52) | 37.5 | 50.0 | 12.5 | 0 |
| 19 | 1985–1990 | 27/29 | HSCT | 15/29 3 (52) 4 | 0 | 75.0 | 25.0 | 0 |
HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; OHT, orthotopic heart transplant; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency.
1
n = pathogenic microorganism(s) detected; N = number of BALs.
2
Fungi includes: yeast, mould, and Pneumocystis.
3
Included coagulase‐negative staphylococci and/or viridans‐group streptococci as pathogenic microorganisms.
4
Toxoplasma isolated from one BAL.