Table 3.
Characteristics of patients included in unadjusted analyses
| No ischaemia (<1% TPD), N = 5288 | Minimal ischaemia (1 to <5% TPD), N = 7132 | Mild ischaemia (5 to <10% TPD), N = 2627 | Moderate to severe ischaemia (≥10% TPD), N = 394 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 61.9 ± 12.2 | 64.2 ± 12.1 | 66.9 ± 11.6 | 66.9 ± 11.9 |
| Male, n (%) | 2251 (42.6) | 4385 (61.5) | 1957 (74.5) | 325 (82.4) |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) | 27.3 (24.4–31.0) | 27.4 (24.7–31.1) | 27.2 (24.4–31.0) | 28.3 (25.0–31.6) |
| Past medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 3187 (60.3) | 4518 (63.4) | 1820 (69.3) | 308 (78.2) |
| Diabetes | 1082 (20.5) | 1815 (25.5) | 807 (30.7) | 132 (33.5) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 2989 (56.5) | 4454 (62.4) | 1893 (72.1) | 308 (78.2) |
| Current smoker | 1045 (19.8) | 1475 (20.7) | 527 (20.1) | 65 (16.5) |
| PVD | 479 (9.1) | 931 (13.1) | 423 (16.1) | 63 (16.0) |
| Prior MI | 311 (5.9) | 932 (13.1) | 637 (24.3) | 158 (40.1) |
| Prior revascularization | 723 (13.7) | 1914 (26.8) | 1077 (41.0) | 202 (51.3) |
| Family history of CAD | 1624 (30.7) | 1918 (26.9) | 682 (26.0) | 125 (31.7) |
| Typical angina | 287 (5.4) | 382 (5.4) | 192 (7.3) | 56 (14.2) |
| Resting vital signs | ||||
| Systolic BP, median (IQR) | 132 (120–148) | 130 (120–145) | 130 (120–144) | 130 (120–144) |
| Diastolic BP, median (IQR) | 80 (72–85) | 80 (74–83) | 80 (74–80) | 80 (70–82) |
| Heart rate, median (IQR) | 68 (60–77) | 68 (60–77) | 68 (60–78) | 66 (59–75) |
| Exercise stress, n (%) | 2730 (51.6) | 3207 (45.0) | 1053 (40.1) | 191 (48.5) |
| Imaging characteristics | ||||
| Resting LVEF, median (IQR) | 66.6 (59.6–73.5) | 63.1 (56.1–70.1) | 60.4 (53.4–67.9) | 58.6 (53.1–65.9) |
| Resting TPD ≥10%, n (%) | 15 (0.3) | 135 (1.9) | 199 (7.6) | 45 (11.4) |
| Stress LVEF, median (IQR) | 66.8 (60.6–73.2) | 62.9 (56.4–69.2) | 60.3 (53.2–66.7) | 56.9 (51.1–63.9) |
| Eccentricity index, median (IQR) | 0.84 (0.83–0.87) | 0.84 (0.82–0.87) | 0.84 (0.83–0.86) | 0.84 (0.83–0.85) |
| Shape index, median (IQR) | 57.3 (53.5–60.7) | 57.3 (53.0–61.1) | 57.3 (54.1–61.2) | 57.3 (55.1–61.4) |
| TID only, n (%) | 203 (3.8) | 263 (3.7) | 89 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Post-stress WMA only, n (%) | 291 (5.5) | 824 (11.6) | 550 (20.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| TID and post-stress WMA, n (%) | 11 (0.2) | 34 (0.5) | 29 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; CAD, coronary artery disease; IQR, interquartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standard deviation; TPD, total perfusion deficit; WMA, wall motion abnormality.