Table 3.
Vitamin A and MRDR Status
| Levels of vitamin A | Total (n = 153), n (%) | Control (n = 38), n (%) | URI (n = 69), n (%) | URI‐wheezing (n = 46), n (%) | P* value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group mean retinol (µg/dl) | 35.81 ± 19.47 | 56.78 ± 29.82 | 32.37 ± 13.12 | 18.29 ± 6.83* | 0.000† |
| Retinol > 30 µg/dl | 69 (45.1) | 30 (78.9) | 36 (52.2) | 3 (6.5) | |
| Retinol 20–30 µg/dl | 41 (26.8) | 7 (18.4) | 20 (29.0) | 14 (30.4) | 0.001†† |
| Retinol 10–20 µg/dl | 37 (24.2) | 1 (2.6) | 12 (17.4) | 24 (52.2) | |
| Retinol < 10 µg/dl | 6 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 5 (10.9) | |
| Group mean MRDR | 0.031 ± 0.030 | 0.007 ± 0.006 | 0.066 ± 0.045** | 0.021 ± 0.021* | 0.000† |
| MRDR <0.030 | 90 (59.0) | 38 (100.0) | 20 (29.0) | 32 (69.6) | |
| MRDR 0.030–0.060 | 22 (14.2) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (13.0) | 13 (28.3) | 0.001†† |
| MRDR >0.060 | 41 (26.8) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (58.0) | 1 (2.2) |
Mean ± SD.
†
1‐way ANOVA for differences across all subject and retinol groups.
*
P < 0001 compared to control and URI without wheezing using 1‐way ANOVA.
**
P < 0.001 compared to control and URI with wheezing using 1‐way ANOVA.
††
χ2 test for differences across all subject and retinol groups.