Table 2.
Overview of metal complexes discussed in this article.
| Compound | # a | Metal | G(+) b | G(−) c | Media d | Target/MoA e | Cytotoxicity f | In vivo g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AgNO3 [113] | 1 | Ag | Yes | Yes | LB | TCA cycle | Yes (Yes) | Yes (human) |
| Aur [15] | 1 | Au | Yes | No | CAMBH | Trx inhibition | Yes (Yes) | Yes (mouse) |
| 1–6 [16] | 6 | Au | Yes | Yes | CAMBH | Trx inhibition | Yes (some) | n.d. |
| Ganite [50] | 1 | Ga | No | Yes | MH; HS | Fe-metabolism [61] | Yes (No) | Yes (human) |
| Ga(DFO) [53] | 1 | Ga | n.d. | Yes | TSB | Fe-metabolism [61] | Yes (No) | Yes (rabbit) |
| Ga(PPIX) [51] | 1 | Ga | Yes | Yes | LB, MHB, DMHB, RPMI-HS | Fe-metabolism [61] Cytochrome [114] |
Yes (No) | Yes (sheep) |
| CBS [64] | 1 | Bi | Yes | Yes | TSB | Multiple targets and MBLs [64] | Yes (No) | Yes |
| 7 [70] | 10 | Ru | Yes | n.d. | DFH | n.d. | Yes (Yes) | Yes (mouse) |
| 8 [73] | 3 | Ru | Yes | No | LB, BHI | DNA intercalation | n.d. | Yes (fungi) |
| 9 [78] | 3 | Ru | Yes | Yes | MH | PDT | n.d. | n.d. |
| 10 [79] | 1 | Ru | Yes | No | MH | PDT | Yes (No) | n.d. |
| 11 [79] | 1 | Ru | Yes | Yes | MH | PDT | Yes (No) | n.d. |
| 12 [80] | 17 | Ru | Yes | Yes | LB | PDT | Yes (Some) | n.d. |
| 13 [81] | 3 | Ru | Yes | Yes | LB | PDT | Yes (No) | n.d. |
| 14 [82] | 1 | Ru | No | No | TSB | Light-triggered isoniazid release | Yes (No) | n.d |
| 15 [83] | 2 | Ru | Yes | Yes | CAMBH | β-lactamase | n.d. | n.d. |
| 16 [85] | 26 | Ru | Yes | Yes | CAMBH | RNA, ribosome | Yes (Some) | n.d. |
| 17–18 [89] | 14 | Ru | Yes | Yes | CAMBH | Bacterial membrane | Yes (Some) | n.d. |
| 19 [91] | 3 | Ru | Yes | Yes | CAMBH | Bacterial membrane | Yes (Some) | n.d. |
| 20 [92] | 4 | Ru | Yes | Yes | CAMBH CDM | Bacterial membrane, DNA | Yes (No) | Yes (moth) |
| 21 [96] | 5 | Ir | Yes | No | LB | Not studied | Yes (Yes) | n.d. |
| 22 [97] | 6 | Ir | Yes | Yes | MH | Binds DNA | n.d. | n.d. |
| 23 [99] | 3 | Ir | n.d. | Yes | LB | Not studied | n.d. | n.d. |
| 24 [101] | 16 | Ir | Yes | n.d. | MH | Not studied | Yes (No) | n.d. |
| 25 [102] | 8 | Ir | Yes | n.d. | MH | Not studied | Yes (No) | Yes (mouse) |
| 26 [103] | 14 | Ir | Yes | Yes | CAMBH | Biguanine ligand release | Yes (Some) | n.d. |
| 27 [108] | 13 | Re | Yes | No | MH | Cell wall synthesis, respiration | Yes (Some) | n.d. |
| 28 [110] | 3 | Re | Yes | Yes | CAMBH | PDT | Yes (Some) | n.d. |
| 29 [111] | 10 | Re | Yes | No | MH | Not studied | n.d. | n.d. |
a Number of compounds reported in the cited study; b Whether the compounds were active against any Gram(+) strains; c Whether the compounds were active against any Gram(−) strains; d growth media used for antibacterial activity determination; e Putative target and or mode of action (MoA) for the compound(s); f Whether cytotoxicity against human cells was determined (if it was found to be cytotoxic). Note: For this article a compound was considered cytotoxic if the CC50 or IC50 was <50 µM. It is noted that most compounds were tested against different cell lines and the reader is referred to the cited publications for further details. g Whether the compounds were evaluated in vivo (animal model). n.d.: not determined LB: Lysogeny broth; CAMBH: cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth; MH: Mueller-Hinton broth; HS: human serum; TSP: tryptic soy broth; DFH: Difco heart-infusion broth + 10% horse serum; BHI: Brain Heart Infusion broth; CDM: Chemically defined medium; MBL: metallo-β-lactamases; PDT: photodynamic therapy.